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s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
o{; dh ;z;d
o{; dh ;z;d (Parliament of Russia)
o{; dh ;z;d
o{; dh ;z;d
BØN o{; dh ;z;d
d;zpo 1993 d/ ;zftXkB d/ nzsors o{g ftu ;zxh rDoki (Federal Republic) dh ;EkgBk ehsh rJh
j?. ;' fJ; d/P dk nkfXekfoe Bkw o{;h ;zx (Russian Federation) j?. fJ; ;zx ftu 21 rDoki
(Republics), fJe ;tkfJ~s nzub (Autonomous Region), 49 gqPk;fBe nzub (Administrative
Regions), 6 gqKs (Provinces), 10 ;tkfJ~s iBgd (Autonomous Districts) ns/ d' ;zxh Bro
(Federal Cities)–wk;e' ns/ ;?AN ghNo;por ;zfwfbs jB. fJ; soQK o{;h ;zx e[b fwbk e/ 89 gqPk;fBe
fJekJhnK (Administrative Units) Bkb pfDnk j?.
Pk;B gqDkbh d/ gZXo T[s/ fJE/ okPNogsh gqDkbh (Presidential System) ns/ ;z;dh gqDkbh (Parlia-
mentary System) dk fwPqD fsnko eoB dk isB ehsk frnk j?. okPNogsh gqDkbh dh soQK fJE/ fJe
PeshPkbh okPNogsh (President) dh ftnt;Ek ehsh rJh j?, ns/ ;z;dh gqDkbh dh soQK fJE/ fJe
PeshPkbh ;z;d (Parliament) dh ftnt;Ek ehsh rJh j? fi; Bz{ ;zxh ;Gk (Federal Assembly) fejk
iKdk j?l okPNogsh oki dk w[yh (Head of State) j? i' f;~X/ iB;kXkoD d/ d[nkok uko ;kb d/ bJh u[fDnk
iKdk j?, T[; Bz{ brksko d' tko s'A n~r/ BjhA u[fDnk ik ;edk. T[j ;zftXkB dk ;ozfyne j?, ns/ ;Pso
;?BktK dk ;otT[Zu ;?Bkgsh (Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces) th j?. T[j gqXkB wzsoh
(Prime Minister) ns/ wzsoh gfoPd (Council of Ministers) ns/ wzsoh wzvb (Cabinet) dh fB:[esh
eodk j? fi; ftu brGr 30 w?Apo oy/ iKd/ jB. fJBQK dh fB:[esh d/ bJh ;z;d (Parliament) dk
nB[w'dB io{oh j[zdk j?. okPNogsh fJe nzsozr wzsoh wzvb (Kitchen Cabinet) dh ;bkj Bkb ekoi
eodk j? fi; ftu T[;d/ ftPt;s fw~so ns/ T[Zu nfXekoh Pkwb j[zd/ jB. wzsoh wzvb Bz{ ;~sk ftu ofjD
d/ bJh ;z;d dk ftPtk; gqkgs j'Dk ukjhdk j?.
okPNogsh nkfrngshnK (Decrees) ikoh eo ;edk j? i' ekBz{B dh soQK wkBsk tkbk jz[dk j?. gozs{ fJj
nkfrngshnK gqufbs ekBz{B d/ fto[ZX BjhA j'Dh ukjhdh. fco ;z;d fJBQK Bz{ fBo;s th eo ;edh j?.
d{i/ gk;/, okPNogsh th ;z;d d[nkok gkfos ftX/ne (Bill) Bz{ ekBz{B pDB s'A o'e ;edk j?, T[j ;z;d
noEks ;zxh ;Gk (Federal Assembly) d/ gqsh nkgD/ ;kbkBk nfGGkPB (Annual Address) d/
nzsors ;oeko dh okiBhfse ns/ nkofEe Bhsh dk fBo{gD eo ;edk j?. d/P dh o~fynk (Defence)
dh fizw/tkoh ;zGkbD bJh okPNogsh ;[o~fynk–gfoPd (Security Council) fB:[es eodk j? fi;dk w[yh
T[j nkg j[zdk j?. T[j e/Adoh p?Ae (Central Bank) d/ w[yh (Chairperson), wjk–nfG:'ie (Prosecutor
General) ns/ fBnKgkfbek (Judiciary) d/ gqw[~y w?ApoK dh fB:[esh dk gq;skt ;z;d d/ e'b G/idk j?.
iBtoh, 1994 d/ pknd ;[oZfynk ;/tktK, rqfj wzsokb/, o~fynk wzsokb/ ns/ ftd/P wzsokb/ f;~X/ okPNogsh
d/ nXhB eo fdZs/ rJ/ jB. okPNogsh dk T[whdtko x~N s'A xZN d; b~y wsdksktK d/ d[nkok wB'Bhs
j'Dk ukjhdkl fJBQK ftu'A fe;/ fJe nzub (Region) iK rDoki (Republic) d/ wsdksktK dh ;zfynk e[b
;zfynk dh 7 gqshPs s'A fInkdk BjhA j'Dh ukjhdh.
o{; ftu ftXkfJek (Legislature) d/ ezw ;zxh ;Gk (Federal Assembly) Bz{ ;"Ag/ rJ/ jB. fJ; ftu d'
;dB (Chambers) oy/ rJ/ jB. nt;o ;dB (Lower House) Bz{ ;N/N fvT[wk fejk iKdk j?. fJ; ftu
450 w?ApoK dh ftnt;Ek ehsh rJh j?. T[Zu ;dB (Upper House) Bz{ ;zxh gfoPd (Federal Council)
fejk iKdk j?. fJ; ftu 178 w?ApoK dh ftnt;Ek ehsh rJh j?. ;N/N fv:[wk d/ 225 w?Apo f;~X/ fJew?Apoh
fBotkuB y/soK (Single and Member Constituencies) s'A uko ;kb d/ bJh u[D/ iKd/ jB. fJ; u'D
ftu pj[bws gqDkbh (Plurality System) ngDkJh iKdh j? – noEks ‘i' ;G s'A nZr/, fi~s T[;dh’ (First
pas the post). pkeh 225 w?Apo okPNoh db ;{uhnK (National Party Lists) s'A nB[gkfse gqshfBXhst
(Proportional Representation) d/ nkXko T[s/ u[D/ iKd/ jB fJ: soQK jo/e wsdksk d/ d' t'N j[zd/ jBl
fJe ;EkBe fBotkuB y/so d/ bJhl d{ik okPNoh db ;{uh d/ bJh. ;N/N fv:[wk d/ T[whdtko dh fBT{Bsw
T[wo 21 ;kb j'Dh ukjhdh j?. id e'Jh T[whdtko u[D fbnk iKdk j?, id T[j e'Jh sBykj tkbk ezw (Paid
Job) ;theko BjhA eo ;edkl Bk T[j fe;/ ;oekoh gdth (Government Post) T[s/ ofj ;edk j?.
pj[bws gqDkbh
pj[bws gqDkbh (Plurality System)L L L L L T[j fBotkuB gqDkbh fi; d/ nzsors fJew?Apoh fBotkuB y/so ftu
pj[bws gqDkbh
pj[bws gqDkbh
pj[bws gqDkbh
fi; T[whdtko Bz{ ;G s'A fInkdk t'N fwbd/ jB, T[;Bz{ fi~fsnk wzB fbnk iKdk j?.

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