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fJekJh^8L ;zftXkfBe ;zouBk–ftt;Ekfgek
fJekJh^8L ;zftXkfBe ;zouBk–ftt;Ekfgek
fJekJh^8L ;zftXkfBe ;zouBk–ftt;Ekfgek
fJekJh^8L ;zftXkfBe ;zouBk–ftt;Ekfgek
fJekJh^8L ;zftXkfBe ;zouBk–ftt;Ekfgek
okiBhsh gqDkbh B{z ;kXkoD ;z;dh gqDkbhB{z ;kXkoD ;z;dh gqDkbh
okiBhsh gqDkbh B{z ;kXkoD ;z;dh gqDkbh (Parliamentary System) s'A nbr f;~X eodh j?.
B{z ;kXkoD ;z;dh gqDkbh
okiBhsh gqDkbh B{z ;kXkoD ;z;dh gqDkbh BØN
okiBhsh gqDkbh
okiBhsh gqDkbh
;kXkoD ;z;dh gqDkbh ftu gqXkB wzsoh (Prime Minister) ns/ T[;dk wzsoh wzvb (cabinet) dh ;bkj
cqK; ftu gqXkB wzsoh ns/ okPNogsh fwb–tzv e/ ekoiekoh
cqK; ftu gqXkB wzsoh ns/ okPNogsh fwb–tzv e/ ekoiekoh
(advice) Bkb eodk j?. gozs{ cqK; ftu gqXkB wzsoh ns/ okPNogsh fwb–tzv e/ ekoiekohcqK; ftu gqXkB wzsoh ns/ okPNogsh fwb–tzv e/ ekoiekoh
cqK; ftu gqXkB wzsoh ns/ okPNogsh fwb–tzv e/ ekoiekoh
PeshnK dk gq:'r eod/ jB.
PeshnK dk gq:'r eod/ jB.
PeshnK dk gq:'r eod/ jB.
PeshnK dk gq:'r eod/ jB.
PeshnK dk gq:'r eod/ jB.
okPNoh ;Gk iK B?PBb n;?Apbh
okPNoh ;Gk iK B?PBb n;?Apbh
cqK;h;h ;z;d d/ j/mb/ ;dB (Lower House) B{z okPNoh ;Gk iK B?PBb n;?Apbh okPNoh ;Gk iK B?PBb n;?Apbh (National
okPNoh ;Gk iK B?PBb n;?Apbh
Assembly) fejk iKdk j?, ns/ T[gob/ ;dB (Upper House) Bz{ ;hB/N;hB/N (Senate) fejk iKdk j?. B?PBb
;hB/N
;hB/N
;hB/N
n;?Apb ftu 577 w?Apo jz[d/ jB i' gzi ;kb d/ ekoiekb d/ bJh u[D/ iKd/ jB, jkbKfe fJ; ;dB Bz{
;w/A s'A gfjbK th Gzr ehsk ik ;edk j?. B?PBb n;?Apbh d/ w?Apo iBsk d/ d[nkok fJe–w?Apoh
fBotkuB y/so (Single-member Constituencies) s'A u[D/ iKd/ jB. fJBQK dh u'D ftu ‘dthshne
pj[ws gqDkbh’ (Run-off Absolute Majority System) dk gq:'r j[zdk j?. ftntjko d/ Xoksb T[s/,
tkggzEh ns/ d~yD gzEh dbK d/ rmpzXB nkg; ftu ;wM"sk eoe/ pj[s xZN t'N gkt[D tkb/ T[whdtkoK
Bz{ p?m iKD d/ bJh fsnko eo b?Ad/ jB sKfe d' ;G s'A pbPkbh T[whdtkoK ftu f;~Xk w[ekpbk eokfJnk
ik ;e/. fco th ;kXkoDs B?PBb n;?Apbh d/ fszB–u"EkJh ;EkB ‘d[pkok wsdkB gqDkbh’ (Second ballot)
Bkb Go/ iKd/ jB.
;hB/N d/ 321 w?Apo fJe fBotkue rD (Electoral College) d/ d[nkok ngqs~y o{g s'A u[D/ iKd/ jB.
fBotkue rD ftu B?PBb n;?Apbh d/ ;EkBe w?Apo, w/no, ftGkrh gfoPdK d/ w?Apo, ns/ Brogkfbek
gfoPdK d/ gqshfBXh (Delegates) ;zfwfbs j[d/ jz[d/ jB. ;hB/N d/ w?Apo B"A ;kb d/ bJh u[D/ iKd/ jB.
fJ;d/ fbJh fszB/–fszB ;kb pknd fsjkJh w?Apo ;/tkfBtfos j' iKd/ jB, ns/ T[BQK dh irkj Bt/A w?ApoK
dh u'D j[zdh j?.
B'N; fBotkue–rD (Electoral College) T[BQK gqshfBXhnK dk ;w{j i' nkg fBotkfus j' e/
nkT[Ad/ jB, ns/ T[BQK Bz{ fe;/ T[Zuso ;Gk d/ w?ApoK iK T[Zu nfXekohnK dh u'D eoBk j[zdk
j?.
B?PBb n;?Apbh d/ 22 w?Apo ns/ ;hB/N d/ 13 w?Apo ;w[zdo gko d/ ftGkrK ns/ y/soK (Overseas
Departments and Territories) d/ u[D/ iKd/ jB. ;hB/N d/ 12 w?Apo ftd/PK ftu ofjD tkb/ cqK;h;h
okPNoiBK (French Nationals) d/ d[nkok u[D/ iKd/ jB.
B?PBb n;?Apbh nkgDk ekoi S/ t~vh–t~vh feqfsnkswe ;EkJh ;whshnK (Functinoal Standing
Committees) d/ wkfXnw Bkb eodh j? fiBQK ftu 61–61 iK 121–121 w?Apo j[zd/ jB. fJj ;dB ;z;d
d/ d'BK ;dBK ftu fInkdk PeshPkbh j?. fJjh ;dB ;G s'A gfjbK ;kbkBk piN dh iKu eodk j?. gqXkB
wzsoh fJ;/ ;dB ftu'A u[fDnk iKdk j?. ;G s'A tX e/, fJ; d/ w?Apo fBzdk iK nftPtk; gq;skt (Censure
or No-Confidence Motion) fbnk e/ ;oeko Bz{ frokT[D dh :'rsk oyd/ jB.
;hB/N d/ u'D nXko (Electoral base) ftu ;EkBe Pk;B s'A i[V/ j'J/ gqshfBXhnK dh gqXkBsk ofjzdh j?.
fJj w[y s"o s/ w~Xwkorh (Centrist) ns/ ;tkXhB ftukoK tkb/ b'e j[zd/ jB. fJ; bJh fJj ;dB B?PBb
n;?Apbh T[s/ fJe gqGktPkbh nze[P dh G{fwek fBGkT[Adk j?. B?PBb n;?Apbh d[nkok gkfos ftXkB
(Legislation) T[s/ fJj ;dB n;EkJh fBP/XkfXeko (Temporary Veto) dk gq:'r eo ;edk j?. id
d't/A ;dBK ftu wsG/d Bz{ d{o eoB d/ bJh ‘;z:[es ;wkXkB ;zw/bB’ (Joint Conciliation Conferences)
p[bkJ/ iKd/ jB, sd fJj ;dB ftukokXhB ftu ftXkB ftu ;zP'XB gq;s[s eo ;edk j?. gozs{ B?PBb
n;?Apbh nkgD/ ‘fBPfunkswe ws’ (Definitive Vote) dk gq:'r eoe/ ;hB/N d/ fBP/XkfXeko Bz{ o~d eo
;edh j?.
cqK;h;h Pk;B–gqDkbh dh fJe nB'yh ftP/Psk fJj j? fe fJ; ftu okiBhfse ekoigkfbek (Political
Executive) d/ w[ekpb/ ;z;d dh PeshnK pj[s ;hfws ofj iKdh j?. 1958 d/ ;zftXkB d/ nB[;ko ;z;d
e/tb ;whsh y/so ftu ekBz{B pDk ;edh j? – fit/A fe eokXkB (Taxation), Bro ftnt;Ek Bkb i[V/
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