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s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
1H4 ;ko nzP
1H4 ;ko nzP
1H4 ;ko nzP
1H4 ;ko nzP (Summary)
BØN 1H4 ;ko nzP
• s[bBkswe okiBhsh d/ noE dk ft;fsqs ftPb/PD eoB s'A gfjbK fJ; dk ‘s[bBkswe ;oeko’
(comparative government) s'A nzso ;wM b?Dk Io{oh j?. pokpo ns/ s[bBkswe okiBhsh B{z
‘s[bBkswe Pk;B’ iK ‘s[bBkswe ;oeko’ dk d{ik BK ;wM fbnk iKdk j?. d'BK dk jh ;pzX ‘okiBhsh’
Bkb j'D d/ ekoB fJBK dk fJZe d{;o/ d/ bJh ndb^pdb eoe/ gq:'r eoBk E'Vk ;[Gkfte jh j?.
ihB pb'Dv/b B/ th s[bBkswe ;oeko dk noE okpNoI d[nkok ehs/ rJ/ noE Bkb fwbdk^i[bdk
ihB pb'Dv/b
• ihB pb'Dv/b ihB pb'Dv/b
ihB pb'Dv/b
ehsk j?. fJBQK B/ s[bBkswe ;oeko dh gfoGkPk eod/ j'J/ fbfynk j?^
‘‘s[bBkswe ;oeko ;wekbhB ftPt ftZu okPNoh ;oekoK d/ gqshwkBK dk nfXn?B j?.’’
• s[bBkswe ;oeko dh T[go'es gfoGkPktK s'A ;gZPN j? fe fJ; ftZu oki Bkb ;pzfXs n"gukfoe
;z;EktK dk jh w[Zy s"o s/ s[bBkswe nfXn?B j[zdk j?.
• s[bBkswe okiBhsh dk ;pzX okiBhfse fttjko dh ;zg{oDsk (totality of political behaviour) d/
nfXn?B s'A j?. fJ; ftZu ;oekoK ns/ oki;h ;z;EktK dk okiBhfse ;z;EktK Bkb s[bBkswe nfXn?B
sK nkg jh Pkfwb ofjzdk j?.
o/bc p/qpzsh
o/bc p/qpzsh
o/bc p/qpzsh B/ s[bBkswe okiBhsh dh ftnkge gfoGkPk ehsh j?. fJBQK B/ fbfynk j?^
• o/bc p/qpzsho/bc p/qpzsh
“s[bBkswe okiBhsh ;zg{oD ;wkfie ftt;Ek ftZu T[BK sZsK dh gfjukD ns/ ftnkfynk j? i'
okiBhfse ezwK ns/ T[BQK d/ ;z;Ekrs gqekPB B{z gqGkfts eod/ jB.”
n?w eofN; B/ fdsh j? . UBk
n?w eofN;
n?w eofN;
• s[bBkswe okiBhsh dh ;zfygs ns/ PkfJd ;G s'A ;gPN gfoGkPk n?w eofN;n?w eofN;
d/ nB[;ko^
“s[bBkswe okiBhsh dk ;zpzX okiBhfse ;z;EktK dh ezw dh ftXh ns/ okiBhfse ftntjko dh
wjstg{oB fBozsosktK, ;wkBsktK ns/ n;wkBsktK s'A j?.”
• s[bBkswe okiBhsh dh gqfeosh B{z b? e/ ftdtkBK ftZu wsG/d j?. w'N/ s"o s/ fJ; dh gqfeqsh ;pzXh
ftukoK B{z d' gqw[Zy XkoDktK ftZu ftGkfis ehsk iKdk j?. okiBhsh^Pk;so d/ ftdtkB ns/ s[bBkswe
okiBhsh d/ nroDh xZN iK tZX wksok ftZu d'jK ftZu'A fe;/ fJZe XkoDk d/ ;woEe fdykJh fdzd/ jB.
fJj d' XkoDktK jB^
(e) s[bBkswe okiBhsh bzpkswe s[bBk j?. (It is vertical comparative study)
(y) s[bBkswe okiBhsh nzpoKfse s[bBk j?. (It is horizontal comparative study)
• s[bBkswe okiBhsh fJZe jh d/P ftZu ;fEs ftfGzB ;soK s/ ;Ekfgs ;oekoK ns/ T[BQK B{z gqGkfts
eoB tkb/ okiBhfse fttjkoK dk s[bBkswe ftPb/PD ns/ nfXn?B j?.
• T[go'es ftt/uB s'A, T[Zgoh ;wkBsktK d/ pkti{d okPNoh ns/ nKfPe ;oekoK d/ ;zpzX ft~u,
n;wkBsktK dk jh nfXe nkGk; j[zdk j?. fJ; bJh s[bBkswe okiBhsh ft~u fJ~e jh d/P dhnK ftfGzB
;soh ;oekoK dk s[bBkswe ftPb/PD ;zGt fdykJh fdzd/ j'J/ th ;wkBheoD (generalization) dhnK
;zGtBktK BjhA o~ydk. fJ; bJh Bshik gowkfDe (valid) BjhA j'Dr/. fJ~e' fijh ftPk^gfoXh d/ nGkt
d/ ekoD fJ; d/ Bshi/ gqwkfDe BjhA j'Dr/ ns/ fJ; Bkb i' f;XKs pDkJ/ ikDr/, UBK Bz{ th fe;/ tor
(category) ft~u o~y e/ UBK Bkb j'o d/PK dhnK ;oekoK Bz{ ;wMDk ;zGt BjhA j't/rk.
• s[bBkswe okiBhsh dh gqfeqsh ;zpzXh d{ih XkoDk d/ nB[;ko fJj okPNoh ;oekoK dh nzpoKfse s[bBk
dk nfXn?B j?.
• i/eo s[bBkswe okiBhsh okPNoh ;oekoK dh nzpoKfse s[bBk j?,sK fJ; ft~u d' ;zGktBktK Pkfwb
gfjbh
gfjbh
fdykJh fdzdhnK jB. gfjbhgfjbh sK fJj fe fJj s[bBk, fJ~e jh d/P dhnK ftfGzB ekbK ft~u ft~fdnwkB
gfjbh
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