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fJekJh^1L s[bBkswe okiBhsh dh gqfeqsh ns/ ftPk y/so
fJekJh^1L s[bBkswe okiBhsh dh gqfeqsh ns/ ftPk y/so
fJekJh^1L s[bBkswe okiBhsh dh gqfeqsh ns/ ftPk y/so
fJekJh^1L s[bBkswe okiBhsh dh gqfeqsh ns/ ftPk y/so
fJekJh^1L s[bBkswe okiBhsh dh gqfeqsh ns/ ftPk y/so
okPNoh ;oekoK dh nkg; ft~u j' ;edh j?, ns/ d{ih, UBK okPNoh ;oekoK ft~u, i' n~i ;zg{oD ftPt BØN
ft~u ft~fdnkwkB jB, j' ;edh j?.
• s[bBkswe okiBhsh ft~u fJfsjkf;e ;zdoG ft~u okPNoh ;oekoK dh ;w^;soh s[bBk ehsh ikdh j?.
fJ; soK dh s[bBk dk nkgDk nb~r wj~st j?. gqzs{ s[bBkswe okiBhsh ft~u fJj ekch BjhA. fJ;
dh fJ; Pk;so ft~u ;hfws T[g:'frsk jh j?. fJ; Bkb e/tb fJ~e oki dhnK okPNoh ;oekoK Bz{ ftfGzB
ekbK ft~u ;wMD ft~u jh wdd fwbdh j?. T[; okPNo s'A fGzB gqeko dh ;z;feqsh, ;~fGnsk ns/ ;zrmB
tkb/ oki ft~u ;zukfbs ;oeko dh gqfeqsh ns/ okiBhfse fttjko Bz{ ;wMD bJh fJj ekch BjhA j?.
• s[bBkswe okiBhsh dh gqfeqsh d/ T[go'es ftt/uB s'A ;gPN j? fe s[bBkswe okiBhsh fJ~e ;[szso
nB[Pk;B j? i' okiBhsh ftfrnkB ft~u fJ~e wj~stg{oD Pkyk pD frnk j?.ukj/ fJ; dk nfXn?B th
okiBhfse ;z;EktK Bkb ;zpzfXs okiBhsh s'A j?, fco th fJj okiBhsh ftfrnkB s'A fJ; noE ft~u
fGzB j? fe fJ; ft~u oki ns/ r?o^Pk;eh okiBhsh d'tK dk jh nfXn?B Pkfwb j[zdk j?. id'A fe,
okiBhsh^ftfrnkB r?o^Pk;eh okiBhsh Bkb gqs~y o{g ft~u ;zpzfXs BjhA j[zdk. fJ; soK, s[bBkswe
okiBhsh, fJ~e jh d/P dhnK okPNoh ;oekoK dk fJfsjkf;e ;zdoG ns/ okPNoh ;hwktK d/ nko gko
s[bBkswe nfXn?B jh BjhA j?, fJj fJ; d/ Bkb okiBhfse gqfeqnktK ns/ okiBhfse fttjko ns/
;oekoh szsoK Bz{ gqGkfts eoD tkbhnK r?o^;oekoh ftt;EktK dk th s[bBkswe nfXn?B j?.
• “;G s'A nfXe nkXkoG{s r~b s[bBkswe okiBhsh d/ pko/ fJj j? fe n~i fJj fJ~e nfijk ftPk j? fi;
ft~u pj[s fttkd j? feUAfe fJj ;zeowD dh ;fEsh ft~u j?^ fJ~e gqeko dh ftPb/PD P?bh s'A d{i/ gqeko
dh P?bh ft~u gq;EkB eo fojk j?.”
• fJ; s'A ;gPN j? fe s[bBkswe okiBhsh dh gfoGkPk ns/ gqfeqsh dh soK fJ; dk ftPk y/so th fttkd
dk ftPk j?. fJ; d/ y/so Bz{ b? e/ gozgoktkdhnK ns/ nkX[fBe okiBhshPk;sohnK ft~u rfjok wsG/
gfjbk j?
gfjbk
gfjbk
d j?. ihB pb"Dv/b (Jean Blondel) B/ fJj fttkd d' r~bK Bkb ;zpzfXs d~f;nk j?. gfjbkgfjbk
d{ik
d{ik wkDeK ns/ fttjkoK d/ nkg;h ;zpzXK ;zpzXh fttkd.
d{ik
s[bBkswe okiBhsh dh ;hwk ;zpzXh ns/ d{ik d{ik
• fJ; soK, s[bBkswe okiBhsh dk ;zpzX w[~y s"o s/ Pk;B feqnk d/ fJod^frod x[zwd/ okiBhfse fttjko
d/ s[bBkswe nfXn?B s'A j?. gqzs{ Pk;B feqnk fszB ;soK s/ ;zukfbs j[zdh j? iK fJj fejk ikt/ fe w[~bK
dk nfXfeqs nkpzNB fszB ;soK s/ gfoukfbs j[zdk j?. fJ; bJh, “s[bBkswe okiBhsh ft~u gfoukfbsk
(operations) d/ fJBK ;soK dk, fiBK Bkb w[~bK dk nkpzNB j[zdk j?, gohyD eoBk wj~stg{oD j?.”
fJj fszB ;so jB^
(1) w[~bK ns/ NhfunK dk fB:wB (Formulation of Values and Goals)
(2) w[~bK Bz{ nksw;ks eoBk ns/ fBofdPN fBofDnK ft~u o{gKsoD (Formulation of Values and
Goals)
(3) fBofDnK Bz{ bkr{ eoBk (Implementation of Decisions)
• fttjkotkdh okiBhfse ftt;Ek Bz{ fJ~e fJb?eNq'fBe (electronic) :zso d/ o{g ft~u d/yd/ jB. Pk;B^
:zso d' wkorh gqukbB j?. fJj fJ~e nfijh wPhB j?, i' ;ze/s (signals) rqfjD eodh j? ns/ fJBK
dk j'o ;ze/sK ft~u o{gKsoD eodh j?. s[bBkswe okiBhsh dk ;zpzX Pk;B szso d[nkok rqfjD ehs/ rJ/
;ze/sK ns/ UBK d/ o{gKsoD dh gqfeqnk s'A j?. fJ; soK s[bBkswe okiBhsh d/ nfXn?B y/so ft~u,
okiBhfse ;wki ft~u w[~bK ns/ NhfunK d/ fB:wB dhnK gqfeqnktK, fJBK w[~bK Bz{ Pk;B szso d[nkok
nksw;ks eoBk ns/ fBofdPN fBofDnK ft~u o{gKsoD ns/ ;thfeqs fBofDnK d/ bkr{ eoD Bkb
;zpzfXs gqfeqnktK Pkfwb ehshnK ikdhnK jB.
• s[bBkswe okiBhsh dk fJfsjk; brGr UBk jh gqkuhB j?, fizBk okiBhfse fuzsB dk fJfsjk; j?.
;zg{oD fbfys fJfsjk; jh s[bBkswe okiBhsh dk fJfsjk; fejk ik ;edk j?. fJ; d/ ;G s'A gfjb/
fuzse ns/ b/ye j'D dk Pq/n no;s{ Bz{ jh gqkgs j?. no;s{ dh G{fwek s[bBkswe okiBhsh Bz{ m'; nkXko
d/D ft~u Bk e/tb wj~stg{oD wzBh iKdh j?, pbfe eJh ekoDK s'A w"fbe th ejh ik ;edh j?. no;s{
33
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