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s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
2H1
2H1
s[bBkswe g~Xsh ns/ s[bBkswe okiBhsh
s[bBkswe g~Xsh ns/ s[bBkswe okiBhsh
s[bBkswe g~Xsh ns/ s[bBkswe okiBhsh (Comparative method
s[bBkswe g~Xsh ns/ s[bBkswe okiBhsh
2H1
2H1
BØN 2H1 s[bBkswe g~Xsh ns/ s[bBkswe okiBhsh
and Comparative Politics)
j[D s[bBkswe g~Xsh, fe;/ okiBhfse ftt;Ek Bz{ fe;/ j'o okiBhfse ftt;Ek Bkb :Ksfoe s[bBk (mechan-
ical comparison) wkso BjhA wzBh iKdh j?. j[D fJ; dk gq:'r f;oiDkswe gqfeqnk (creative process) d/
o{g ft~u fJ; soK j[zdk j? fi; Bkb s[bBktK nfXe noEg{oD pDkJhnK ik ;eD. ;wkfie ftfrnkBK ft~u
:Ksfoe s[bBktK fe;/ noEg{oD Bshi/ s~e BjhA gj[zu ;edhnK jB. fit/A Gkos d/ gqXkB wszoh dh, Gkos d/
fe;/ fgzv d/ ;ogzu Bkb s[bBk ehsh ikt/, sK fJj s[bBk e/tb :Ksfoe j' ;edh j? ns/ nfijh s[bBk Bkb Bk
sK gqXkB wzsoh d/ pko/, ns/ Bk jh ;ogzu d/ pko/ e'Jh noEg{oD Bshik e~fYnk ik ;edk j?. j[D s[bBkswe
g~Xsh dk gq:'r ftP/P noEK ft~u j'D b~rk j?. fJj fJ~e f;oiBkswe gqfeqnk d/ o{g ft~u d/yh ikD b~rh j?.
go fJ; Bt/A noE ft~u fJ; dk gq:'r pj[s efmB j' frnk j?, feUAfe ;wkfie ftfrnkBK ft~u s[bBkswe
xNBktK dh nkgDh fJ~Sk ns/ ‘wkD;* j[zdk j?. fJjh ekoD j? fe ;wkfie ftfrnkBK ft~u fJ; g~Xsh dk T[g:'r
nfXe gq/oe, u[B"sh tkbk, go Bkb jh cbdkfJe pD frnk j?.
no/Av fbIckoN B/ fJ; g~Xsh dh gfoGkPk eoB/ j'J/ fbfynk j? fe “s[bBkswe g~Xsh, j'o ;ko/ gfotoseK
Bz{ ;fEo o~yd/ j'J/, d' iK nfXe gfotoseK d/ ft~u ;kXkoD nB[Gkfte ;zpzXK dh ;EkgBk eoB dh ftXh j?.@
noEks s[bBkswe g~Xsh ;kXkoD nB[Gkfte gq;EkgBktK ;Ekfgs eoB dh nkXkoG{s g~XshnK ft~u'A fJ~e j?.
nkoEo n?bH ekbpor B/ fj; g~Xsh dh ;zy/g gfoGkPk fd~sh j?. Uj s[bBkswe g~Xsh Bz{ wkgD dk fJ~e o{g
(form of measurement) wkso wzBdk j?. bk;t/b ns/ nkwzv B/ s[bBkswe g~Xsh Bz{ ftfrnkfBe g~Xsh efj
e/ gfoGkfPs ehsk j?. bk;t/b d/ nB[;ko, “s[bBkswe g~Xsh, ftfrnkfBe g~Xsh Bkb'A fGzB j' jh BjhA ;edh.@
T[; dh wkBsk j? fe okiBhfse xNBktK T[Zs/ ftfrnkfBe fdqPNhe'D o~yD tkb/ fe;/ th ftnesh d/ bJh fJ~e
;[szso ns/ nb~r s[bBkswe g~Xsh r?o^Io{oh j?. fJ; bJh, fJ; d/ nB[;ko, s[bBkswe g~Xsh, ftfrnkfBe
g~Xsh dh soK jh ;kXkoD fB:wK dh y'i d/ Nhu/ Bz{ gqkgs eoB dh ftXh j?.
ekbpor, bk;t/b ns/ nkwzv d[nkok ehsk frnk s[bBkswe g~Xsh dk noE, fJ; g~Xsh dh gqfeqsh dk ;jh
fu~soD BjhA eoBk j?. fJj wkgD dk fJ~e o{g wkso BjhA fejk ik ;edk j?. wkgD Bkb jh s[bBktK BjhA j'
iKdhnK. ukj/ fJj ;jh j? fe wkgD ft~u s[bBk Io{oh j?, go wkgD fJ~e xNBk d/ pko/ ft~u ;kXkoD fBu'V s'A
n~r/ BjhA b? ikfJnk ik ;edk T[dkjoD bJh, fJj wkgD dk fBu'V fe fe;/ d/P ft~u ;z;dh b'eszso ;cb j?,
Io{o jh fe;/ j'o ;z;dh b'eszso d/ pko/ ft~u ;wkB fBu'V BjhA e~Y/ ik ;ed/ jB. fJ; Bkb fJj sK d~f;nk
ik ;edk j? fe ;z;dh b'eszso nfijk j?, go fJj ;gPN BjhA ehsk ik ;edk fe nfijk feUA j?. fJ; bJh
ekbpor dh gfoGkPk, fe s[bBkswe g~Xsh wkgD dk fJ~e o{g j?, ;jh BjhA wzBh ik ;edh j?.
bk;t/b ns/ nkwzv d[nkok fJ; Bz{ ftfrnkfBe g~Xsh wzB b?Dk th mhe BjhA j?. ftfrnkfBe g~Xsh sK
fJ~e wB'ftq~sh j?. fJj ftt;fEs got/yD, torheoB ns/ nKefVnK dh ftt;Ek j? fi; ft~u s[bBk th
j[zdh j't/, fJj Io{oh BjhA j?. fit/A fe;/ d/P dh ftt;Ekfgek dk ftfrnkfBe g~Xsh Bkb nfXn?B ;zGt
BjhA j?. fJ; g~Xsh d[nkok nfXn?B sK jh j't/rk id'A fe;/ j'o d/P dh ftt;Ekfgek Bkb fJ; dh s[bBk
ehsh ikt/. fJ; bJh s[bBkswe g~Xsh ns/ ftfrnkfBe g~Xsh Bz{ fJ~e BjhA wzfBnk ik ;edk j/. fJBQK
d'jK g~XshnK d/ nzso dk fJ; gkm d/ nzs ft~u j'o ft;sko Bkb ftt/uB ehsk ikt/rk, fJ; bJh fJ~E/
J/Bk fbyDk jh ek|h j? fe fJj d't/A g~XshnK fJ~e' torhnK BjhA jB.
B'N; s[bBkswe okiBhsh ft~u s[bBkswe g~Xsh nkXkoG{s j?. s[bBkswe okiBhsh dk ;zpzX
okiBhfse ;z;EktK dh ekoi ftXh ns/ okiBhfse fttjko dhnK wj~stg{oD fBozsosktK,
;wkBsktK ns/ n;wkBsktK Bkb j'D d/ ekoD, fJ; g~Xsh d/ d[nkok jh fJj fBozsosktK,
;wkBsktK ns/ n;wkBsktK ;wMhnK ns/ y'ihnK ik ;edhnK jB. fJjh ekoD j? fe eJh
tko s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ s[bBkswe g~Xsh Bz{ ;wkB noEK (synonyms) iK fJ~e d{i/
dk d{ik BK wzB fbnk iKdk j?. fJj tk;st ft~u fJ~e d{i/ s'A nb~r jB.
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