Page 63 - DPOL202_COMPARATIVE_POLITICS_AND_GOVERNMENT_PUNJABI

s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
s[bBkswe okiBhsh ns/ ;oeko
BØN iK ;woEB d/ Xo[t d/ B/V/ j't/rk UBk jh ;zftXkBtkd ft~u m';sk ns/ fttjkfoesk j't/rh. ;zy/g ft~u fJj
J/ek fBwB gqeko dk j'Dk ukjhdk j?. ftbhnw ihH n?Avo{I B/ fJj uko gqeko dk wzfBnk j?.
(e) ;z;EktK d/ YKu/ ns/ gqfeqnk ft~u fJ~ews
(e) ;z;EktK d/ YKu/ ns/ gqfeqnk ft~u fJ~ews
(e) ;z;EktK d/ YKu/ ns/ gqfeqnk ft~u fJ~ews (consensus on the form of institutions and
(e) ;z;EktK d/ YKu/ ns/ gqfeqnk ft~u fJ~ews
(e) ;z;EktK d/ YKu/ ns/ gqfeqnk ft~u fJ~ews
procedures) ^ n?Avo{I dh wkBsk j? fe okiBhfse ;z;EktK d/ YKu/ ns/ gqsh fefonktK s/ fJ~ews
;zftXkfBe ;oeko bJh ftP/P wj~st o~ydk j?. i/eo BkrfoeK dh t~vh ;zfynk fJj nB[Gt eodh j't/ fe
;oeko dk szso UBK d/ nfj~s ft~u, nfBnKg{oD Yzr Bkb ;zukfbs j[zdk j?, sK Uj ;wkfie ;zxoPK d/
j~b dh ns/ nkgD/ nkdoPK dh gqkgsh dh, ;oekoh ftt;Ek ;theko BjhA eoBr/.fJ; Bkb ;oekoh ;~sk
ewI'o j' ikt/rh ns/ ;oeko Bz{ iBsk dk ;woEB BjhA, fto'X fwb/rk. fJ; bJh ;z;EktK d/ YKu/ ns/
gqsh fefonktK s/ BkrfoeK ft~u ;kXkoD J/ek Io{oh jh BjhA, pj[s Io{oh j?. ;oekoh ftt;Ek d/ gqsh
n;zs'P dh ;fEsh ;zftXkBtkd d/ nB[e{b BjhA j't/rh. ;zftXkBtkd bJh fJj Io{oh j? fe ;z;EktK dh
gqfeqsh T[Zs/ iBsk ft~u w'Nh ;fjwsh j't/. fJ; ;kXkoD ;fjwsh d/ nGkt ft~u ;zftXkB ns/ ;zftXkBtkd
ft~u ;zs[bB BjhA oj/rk, ns/ ;zftXkB, ;zftXkBtkd dh ;[o~fynk dk ;kXe Bk ofj e/ T[; ft~u pkXe pD
ikt/rk ns/ eqKsh dk o;sk fsnko eo/rk. fJ; bJh ;zftXkB ns/ ;zftXkBtkd ft~u ;zs[bB pDkJ/ o~yD
bJh fJj Io{oh j? fe ;z;EktK ns/ gqshfeqnktK T[Zs/ okiBhfse ;wki d/ BkrfoeK ft~u fJ~ews j't/.
(y) ;oeko d/ nkXko d/ o{g ft~u ftXh Pk;B dh Io{os T[Zs/ ;fjwsh
(y) ;oeko d/ nkXko d/ o{g ft~u ftXh Pk;B dh Io{os T[Zs/ ;fjwsh (Agreement on the
(y) ;oeko d/ nkXko d/ o{g ft~u ftXh Pk;B dh Io{os T[Zs/ ;fjwsh
(y) ;oeko d/ nkXko d/ o{g ft~u ftXh Pk;B dh Io{os T[Zs/ ;fjwsh
(y) ;oeko d/ nkXko d/ o{g ft~u ftXh Pk;B dh Io{os T[Zs/ ;fjwsh
desirability of the rule of law as basis of government) ^ ;zftXkBtkd dk d{ik wj~stg{oD nkXko
Pk;B ;zukbB d/ fB:wK s/ ;fjwsh Bkb ;zpzfXs j?. okiBhfse ;wki d/ BkrfoeK ft~u fJ; r~b s/ ;fjwsh
Io{oh j? fe ;oeko d/ ;zukbB dk nkXko ftXh dk Pk;B jh j't/. jKbkfe e[M n;kXkoB gfo;fEshnK ft~u
;wki ft~u fJ; d/ gqshe{b ws th j' ;ek j?. fit/A d/P ft~u ;zeN d/ ;w/A nfijk B/sk T[ZGo ;edk j?,
fi; ft~u nfijh :'rsk ns/ nB'yh ;{M^p{M j' ;edh j? fe iB^;kXkoD T[; Bz{ ;zftXkBtkd d/ pzXBK s'A
w[es j'D d/t/. iowB tk;hnK B/ 1933 ft~u fjNbo d/ bJh ns/ cqK; tk;hnK B/ 1958 ft~u ukob; fvrkb
d/ ;w/A nfijk ehsk, jKbkfe cqK; ft~u ;zftXkBtkd d/ YKu/ dh n"gukfoesk pDh ojh ;h. gqzs{ fJj sK jh
j[zdk j? id'A nfXeKP iB^;kXkoD dh nk;Ek ;zeN ftP/P dk ;kjwDk eoB bJh ;zftXkB d[nkok ftt;fEs
gqshfeqnktK s'A T[m ikt/. nfijh nt;Ek ft~u, ;wki, oki d/ ;zg{oD ;kXBK Bz{ i[NkT[D bJh ;zftXkB d/
fB:zsoDK ns/ fBod/PK dh ntj/bBk j'D bJh ;fjws jh BjhA j' iKdk, pbfe nfijk eoB bJh ;oeko
s/ dpkn th gkUAdk j?. nfijk rqfj^:[~X d/ ;w/A nwohek ft~u j'fJnk ;h ns/ ftrs wjK^:[~X d/ ;w/A fpqN/
B ft~u ehsk frnk. go fJj ;zftXkBtkd dk nzs eoBk BjhA, pbfe T[; T[Zs/ nkJ/ j'J/ \so/ s'A T[; Bz{
pukUD dh ;[o~fynk ftt;Ek j?. fJj ;zeN d/ Bkb jh ysw j' iKdh j?. fJ; bJh fJj ftfPPN
gfo;fEshnK ns/ ;zeN dh r~b j'Jh. ;kXkoD s"o s/, ;oeko d/ ;zukbB ns/ fBod/PB dk nkXko ftXh
jh j't/, fJ; T[Zs/ ;fjwsh dh nt;Ek ft~u jh ;zftXkBtkd ;zGt j?.
(r) ;wki d/ ;kXkoD T[d/PK T[Zs/ ;fjwsh
(r) ;wki d/ ;kXkoD T[d/PK T[Zs/ ;fjwsh ( Agreement on the general goals of the society)
(r) ;wki d/ ;kXkoD T[d/PK T[Zs/ ;fjwsh
(r) ;wki d/ ;kXkoD T[d/PK T[Zs/ ;fjwsh
(r) ;wki d/ ;kXkoD T[d/PK T[Zs/ ;fjwsh
^ ^ ^ ^ ^;zftXkBtkd d/ ftek; bJh fJj th Io{oh j? fe okiBhfse ;wki d/ BkrfoeK ft~u ;wki d/ ;kXkoD T[d/
PK T[Zs/ ;fjwsh gkJh ikt/. gqzs{ ;zftXkBtkd d/ g{ot^tofDs nkXkoK fizBk wj~stg{oD fJj nkXko BjhA
j?, feUAfe id'A ;z;EktK dh gqfeqsh ns/ gqshfeqnktK T[Zs/ ;fjwsh j't/ sK ;wki d/ NhfunK ns/ BshfinK
dk ;zP'XB ns/ d[pkok fBoXkoD r~bpks ns/ ;wM"s/ d[nkok ehsk ikDk ;zGt j?.gqzs{ fco th, ;wki d/
;kXkoD T[d/PK T[Zs/ oIkwzdh dk nGkt okiBhfse ftt;Ek ft~u nfij/ sBkU, fyzukt ns/ dpkn T[sgzB
eo ;edk j? fe fJ; Bkb d{i/ y/soK dk fJ~ews \so/ ft~u g? e/, ;zg{oD ;zftXkfBe szso Bz{ u"gN eoB
dk ;{sogks eo ;edk j?. fJ; soK, ;wki d/ ;kXkoD T[d/PK T[Zs/ ;fjwsh Bk j'D dh gfo;fEsh, ;zg{oD
;zftXkfBe YKu/ Bz{ n;s ftn;s eo ;edh j/. fJ; bJh jh ftbhnw ih n?Avo{I dh wkBsk j? fe, “T[d/
PK T[Zs/ ;fjwsh ns/ ;wkB okiBhfse doPB ft~u nk;Ek ;zftXkBtkd ft~u m';sk fbnkT[D bJh Io{oh
j?.@
(x) x~N^Io{oh NhfunK ns/ ftfPPN Bhsh^gqPBK T[Zs/ ;fjwsh
(x) x~N^Io{oh NhfunK ns/ ftfPPN Bhsh^gqPBK T[Zs/ ;fjwsh (Concurrence in lesser
(x) x~N^Io{oh NhfunK ns/ ftfPPN Bhsh^gqPBK T[Zs/ ;fjwsh
(x) x~N^Io{oh NhfunK ns/ ftfPPN Bhsh^gqPBK T[Zs/ ;fjwsh
(x) x~N^Io{oh NhfunK ns/ ftfPPN Bhsh^gqPBK T[Zs/ ;fjwsh
goals and on specific policy questions)^x~N^Io{oh NhfunK ns/ ftfPPN Bhsh^gqPBK T[Zs/ ;fjwsh
Bz{ ;zftXkBtkd dk w{b nkXko wzfBnk ikt/ iK BjhA, fJ; s/ b'eK ft~u wsG/d j?. i/eo fJj ;zftXkBtkd

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