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fJekJh^6L Gkos ft~u iksh ftt;Ek
fJekJh^6L Gkos ft~u iksh ftt;Ek
fJekJh^6L Gkos ft~u iksh ftt;Ek
fJekJh^6L Gkos ft~u iksh ftt;Ek
fJekJh^6L Gkos ft~u iksh ftt;Ek
;t^w[~bKeD BØN
;t^w[~bKeD
;t^w[~bKeD (Self Assessment)
;t^w[~bKeD
;t^w[~bKeD
2H ykbh ;EkB Go'
2H ykbh ;EkB Go'
2H ykbh ;EkB Go' (Fill in the Blanks)
2H ykbh ;EkB Go'
2H ykbh ;EkB Go'
(i) HHHHHHHHHHHHHH d/ nB[;ko iksh gqpb sK j[zdh j?, id'A Uj d{ih iksh s'A ;zfynk ft~u nfXe j[zdh j?.
(ii) wkou 1990 ns/ nes{po 1994 d/ ftueko HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH ft~u 30 s'A th nfXe iksh j~fsnktK
dhnK xNBktK j'JhnK.
(iii) HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 1970 d/ nkozG ft~u fJ~e Be;btkdh B/sk d[nkok ;Ekfgs ehsk frnk.
(iv) HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH d/ ftPb/PD bJh ikshnK Bz{ fszB T[g;w{jK ft~u ftGkfis ehsk ik ;edk j?.
(v) nzsoiksh ns/ HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH ftnkjK Bz{ t?XkfBe ns/ ;wkfie wkBsk gqdkB eo fd~sh rJh j?.
(vi) ikshnK ft~u ;wkfie ;zpzX HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH ft~u iksh dh gq;fEsh T[Zs/ fBoGo j[zd/ jB.
6H5 ;ko nzP
6H5 ;ko nzP
6H5 ;ko nzP (Summary)
6H5 ;ko nzP
6H5 ;ko nzP
• iksh ftt;Ek d/ nfXn?B ft~u fJ; dk noE fJj BjhA j? fe ;wkiPk;soh GkosPk;sohnK ns/ ;wkfie
wkBtPk;sohnK dh soK iksh Bz{ ;wkfie ;soheoD dk Bshik BjhA wzBd/ jB. ;wkfie wkBtPk;soh
ns/ ;wkiPk;soh d't/A jh iksh ftt;Ek d/ pkjoh gfjb{ (fJ~e iksh d/ j'o ikshnK Bkb ;zpzX) ns/
nzdo{Bh gfjb{ (fJ~e iksh d/ nzdo w?ApoK d/ nkg;h ;zpzX) dk nfXn?B eod/ jB ns/ iksh ftt;Ek d/
cb;o{g g?dk j'JhnK ;fEshnK dk ftPb/PD eod/ jB. iksh ftt;Ek d/ ftfGzB g~yK d/ ;wkiPk;soh
ftPb/PD s'A gfjbK iksh dhnK ntXkoDktK Bz{ ;wMDk Io{oh j?.
• iksh dh ;zouBk dk nfXn?B fJ; dhnK gqw[~y ftP/PsktK d/ ftPb/PD d[nkok ehsk ik ;edk j?. p{rb B/
iksh d/ fszB s~s d~;/ jBL tzPkB[rs ftP/P~rsk, Pq/Dhp~Xsk ns/ nkeoPe ns/ fto'Xl j'ekoN B/ Xkofwe
feqnk^ebkgK dh gft~sosk ns/ ngft~sosk T[Zs/ pb fd~sk j?, id'A fe foIb/ B/ nzso^ftnkj (endogamy)
ns/ tzPkB[rs g/P/ (occupation) T[Zs/ pb fd~sk j?. X[o/, e/beo, n?BH e/H d~s nkfd B/ th fJBK ftP/
PsktK t~b ;ze/s ehsk j?. fJBK ftP/PsktK Bz{ d~;d/ j'J/ fJBK ;G ftdtkBK B/ iksh Bz{ fJ~e fJekJh ns/
fJ~e ftt;Ek d/ o{g ft~u nzso BjhA ehsk j?. fJ; nzso Bz{ fXnkB ft~u o~yd/ j'J/ fJj wzfBnk ik ;edk
j? fe fJ~e fJekJh d/ o{g ft~u iksh dhnK fJj ftP/PsktK jBL tzPkB[rs ;d~;sk, nzsoftnkj, fBPfus
eko'pko ns/ iksh ;fwshnK, id'A fe ftt;Ek d/ o{g ft~u iksh dhnK ftP/PsktK jBL Pq/Dheqw,
ykD^gkUD T[Zs/ gqshpzX ns/ ;ohfoe ns/ ;wkfie d{ohnK T[Zs/ gqshpzX. n;hA iksh dhnK fJBK
ftt;EktK ns/ fJekJhnK dk t~y t~y ftt/uB eoKr/.
• p{rb B/ iksh d/ fszB s~s d~;/ jBL tzPkB[rs ftP/P~rsk, Pq/Dhp~Xsk ns/ nkeoPe ns/ fto'Xl j'ekoN B/
Xkofwe feqnk^ebkgK dh gft~sosk ns/ ngft~sosk T[Zs/ pb fd~sk j?, id'A fe foIb/ B/ nzso^ftnkj
(endogamy) ns/ tzPkB[rs g/P/ (occupation) T[Zs/ pb fd~sk j?. X[o/, e/beo, n?BH e/H d~s nkfd B/
th fJBK ftP/PsktK t~b ;ze/s ehsk j?. fJBK ftP/PsktK Bz{ d~;d/ j'J/ fJBK ;G ftdtkBK B/ iksh Bz{ fJ~e
fJekJh ns/ fJ~e ftt;Ek d/ o{g ft~u nzso BjhA ehsk j?.
6H6 Ppde'P
6H6 Ppde'P
6H6 Ppde'P
6H6 Ppde'P
6H6 Ppde'P (Keywords)
nB[b'w ftnkj ^ T[Zu toD d/ wod dk nkgD/ s'A jhD toD dh n"os Bkb ftnkj.
• nB[b'w ftnkj
nB[b'w ftnkj
nB[b'w ftnkj
nB[b'w ftnkj
gqshb'w ftnkj ^ Uj ftnkj fi; ft~u wod fBwB toD ns/ n"os T[Zu toD dh j't/.
gqshb'w ftnkj
gqshb'w ftnkj
• gqshb'w ftnkj
gqshb'w ftnkj
6H7 nfGnk; gqPB
6H7 nfGnk; gqPB
6H7 nfGnk; gqPB
6H7 nfGnk; gqPB
6H7 nfGnk; gqPB (Review Questions)
1. iksh ftt;Ek dh ft;fsqs ftnkfynk eo'.
2. iksh ftt;Ek s'A s[;hA eh ;wMd/ j'< fJBK dhnK ftP/PsktK d~;'.
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