Page 116 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
fttkfje ;zpzX
fttkfje ;zpzX (Merital Relations)
fttkfje ;zpzX
fttkfje ;zpzX
BØN fttkfje ;zpzX
nzsoiksh ns/ nzso;w[dkfJe (inter-community) ftnkjK Bz{ ftXkfBe ns/ ;wkfie wkBsk gqdkB
eo fd~sh rJh j?. ukj/ b'e j'o ikshnK ft~u ftnkj eoD Bz{ p[ok BjhA wzBd/, fco th t~vh ;zfynk
ft~u b'e nkgDh jh iksh ft~u ftnkj eod/ jB. fJj PkfJd fJ; bJh j? feUAfe p~funK d/ ftnkj
n~i th wksk fgsk d[nkok s?n ehs/ iKd/ jB ns/ UBK dk ftPtk; j? fe dzgsh ;zpzX pokpo g[PmG{wh
tkb/ gfotkoK ft~u nfXe ;obsk Bkb ;w^nk:'fis j[zd/ jB. nfij/ th T[dkjoD jB fi~E/ Bk e/tb
p~u/ pbfe UBK d/ wksk fgsk th iksh s'A pkjo ftnkj s?n eo fdzd/ jB. fJ; d/ fg~S/ w[~y ftuko
fJj j? fe ftnkj Bz{ “nfXe s'A nfXe nkg;h s~E” ;wfMnk ik fojk j?. n~i dk :[tk, iksh Bz{, ;kEh
d/ u[Bkt ft~u nfXe wj~st BjhA fdzdk, pbfe Uj sK nfijk ;kEh ukj[zdk j? fi; Bz{ Uj uzrh soK
;wMdk j't/ ns/ i' T[; Bz{ nfXe s'A nfXe ;zs[PNh dh nB[G{sh gqdkB eo ;edk j't/. nfijk ftnesh
T[; dh jh iks dk th j' ;edk j? iK BjhA th j' ;edk j?. P[o{nksh d"o ft~u bVe/ ns/ bVehnK fJ~e
jh ebk;$;e{b ft~u gVd/ jB iK fJ~e jh dcso ft~u ezw eod/ jB, iK fJ~e jh gV"; ft~u ofjzd/ jB,
fco th fJ~e d{i/ bJh “niBph” j[zd/ j'J/ th Uj E'Vh pj[s nkswhnsk ftef;s eoBk ukj[zd/ jB sK
fe Uj fJ~e d{i/ gqsh nkeoPD ftef;s eo ;eD. gqzs{ wksk fgsk j[D th ;z;ekoK T[Zs/ I'o fdzd/ jB
ns/ wzBd/ jB fe iksh ns/ gfotkfoe g[PmG{wh s'A jh ftnesh dk ftnefs~st pDdk j? ns/ fJ;/
Bkb d'jK ;kEhnK ft~u ftnkj s'A pknd GktBkswe gq/w T[sgzB j[zdk j?. fJ; bJh ukj/ :[tk ns/ p[I[or
d't/A jh d{ihnK ikshnK Bkb fttkfje ;zpzXK d/ fto[~X BjhA jB, fco th fttjko ft~u j[D th Uj ftnkj
Bz{ nkgDh jh iksh s~e ;hfws o~yDk ukj[zd/ jB.
brGr ;kY/ fszB dPe gfjbK e[~g{;[nkwh, phH thH Pkj ns/ wkorq/N e'ow?e fij/ ftdtkBK B/ nkgD/ e[M
ftfdnkoEh T[ZsodksktK Bz{ nzsoiksh ftnkj d/ g~y ft~u gkfJnk. e[~g{;[nkwh B/ 1956 ft~u 478
ftfdnkoEhnK d/ nfXn?B ft~u gkfJnk ;h fe 68H8# ftfdnkoEh nzsoiksh ns/ nzsoT[giksh ftnkj
d/ g~y ft~u ;B, 22H4# ftfdnkoEh fto'X ft~u, ns/ 8H8# nzsoT[giksh ftnkj d/ g~y ft~u ;B. phH
thH Pkj B/ r[ioks ft~u 200 ftfdnkoEhnK d/ nfXn?B ft~u gkfJnk fe 65# T[Zsodksk iksh ns/ T[giksh
d/ nzdo ftnkj d/ g~y ft~u ;Bl 26# nzsoiksh ftnkj d/ g~y ft~u ;B ns/ 9# Pos;fjs nzsoiksh
ftnkj d/ g~y ft~u ;B.e'ow?e B/ ftfGzB okiK d/ ftfGzB ftPtftfdnkfbnK d/ 500 ftfdnkoEhnK d/ wksk
fgsk d/ fdqPNhe'D d/ nfXn?B ft~u gkfJnk fe 51H2# wksk fgsk fJ; r~b T[Zs/ ;fjws ;B fe i/eo UBK
dh iksh s'A pkjo :'r ftnesh fwb ikt/ sK nkgD/ p~funK dk ftnkj Uj j'o iksh ft~u eo ;ed/ ;B,
id'A fe 28H5# nzsoiksh ftnkj d/ fpbe[b fto[~X ;B. n~i nfXeso b'e nzsoiksh ftnkj d/ g~y ft~u
j' ;ed/ jB, gqzs{ fttjko ft~u Uj nkgDh jh iksh ft~u ftnkj d/ g~yXo jB.
fJ; gqeko :[tk b'e d' ;zxoPwJh wkBdzvK d/ nkXko s/ ezw eod/ jB^ fJ~e ;gPN (explicit) ns/ d{ik
nftnes (implicit) wkBdzvK T[Zs/. d{i/ gk;/, n~i d/ wksk fgsk, iksh s'A pkjo fttkfje ;zpzXK d/ ftP/
ft~u J/BhnK fInkdk PzektK Bkb ghfVs jB, fizBhnK fe fJ~e ghVh gfjbK d/ wksk fgsk ;B. fJj nfXn?B
fJj gqrN eod/ jB fe fInkdkso bVe/ ns/ bVehnK nkgD/ wksk fgsk dhnK fJ~SktK d/ fto[~X gqdoPB
ft~u vo, Pow, nkswu/sBk ns/ p/u?Bh dk nB[Gt eod/ jB. cb;o{g, Uj j'o iksh ft~u ftnkj d/ fto[~X
Bk th j'D, sK th nkgDh jh iksh ft~u ftnkj eod/ jB.

eko'pkoh ;zpzX
eko'pkoh ;zpzX (Occupational Relations)
eko'pkoh ;zpzX
eko'pkoh ;zpzX
eko'pkoh ;zpzX
eko'pkoh ;zpzX dk noE j? fe fB:fws o{g ft~u T[sgkdB ns/ ;/tktK dk nkdkB^gqdkB. iksh ftt;Ek
ikshnK Bz{ e[M eko'pkoK bJh ;thfeqsh ns/ e[M bJh fBP/X gq;s[s eodh j?, gqzs{ gozgokrs ftP/P :'rsk
ikshnK dh nkg;h fBoGosk fBPfus eodh j?. nBki T[sgkdB eoD tkb/ gfotkoK d/ w~X, i' fJBK Bz{
ftfGzB t;sK ns/ ;/tktK i[NkUAd/ jB, ;w{j^nfGw[y ns/ bzph ntXh tkb/ ;zftdkswe pzXBK (contrac-
tual bounds) ft~u fBozsosk ns/ gfotosB ;zpzXh ftPb/PD iiwkBh ftt;Ek tkb/ gkm ft~u ehsk frnk
j?. fJ; dk ;G s'A tXhnk ftPb/PD vhH n?BH wi{wdko B/ T[Zso gqd/P d/ byBT{ fib/ d/ w'jBk fgzv d/
nfXn?B d/ nkXko s/ ehsk j?.

110 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY