Page 126 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
BØN fpqfNP ekb ftu ;wki ;[XkoeK d/ e[M nzd'bBK B/ th iksh^ftt;Ek T[Zs/ tko ehsk. 1820 ftu okik okw
w'jB okJ/ d[nkok ;z;Ekfgs ns/ e/H;hH ;?B ns/ d/t/Ado BkE N?r'o d[nkok gq's;kfjs ehs/ rJ/ pqjw ;wki
nzd'bB B/ th iksh ftGkiB d/ pzXBK Bz{ n;theko ehsk ns/ w{osh g{ik, gP{ pbh, nkfd dk fto'X ehsk
ns/ ;kotG"fwesk (Universalism) ns/ wB[~yK d/ Goksoh gkt T[Zs/ pb fdZsk. 1849 ftu wjkokPNo
ftu gqkoEBk ns/ gowjz; ;Gk d/ Bkw Bkb nkozG j'Jh i' pknd ftu fJe JhPtotkdh (theistic) ;zrmB
d/ o{g ftu wzBh ikD brh. iZi okBkv/ dk ;woEB gqkgs eo fJ; ;wki B/ ;wki ;[Xko T[Zs/ fXnkB
e/Ados ehsk, fit/A nzso^iksh ;fjG'i, nzsoikwh ftnkj ns/ ftXtk g[Boftnkj nkfd. pknd ftu fJ;/
gqkoEBk ;wki s'A Gkos ;/te ;wki (Society of the Servants of India) dk iBw j'fJnk, fi; B/ ;wki
;[Xko Bz{ g'qs;kjB d/D ftu wj~stg{oB G{fwek fBGkJh. pqjw ;wki s/ gqkoEBk ;wki T[BQK g[BoikroD
;zpzXh ftukoK d/ gqshcb ;B i' gZSw Bkb ;zpzfXs ;B ns/ i' g~Swh soetkd d/ gqsh Gkosh gqshfeqnk
dk gqshfBXhst ed/ ;B. ;wki ;[Xko d/ y/so ftu d' ns/ nzd'bB gqkuhB rqzEK ns/ Gkos d/ nshs s'A
gq/oDk gqkgs eo nkozG j'J/. fJj d' nzd'bB — ‘nkohnk ;wki’ ns/ ‘okw feqPB fwPB’ — nkeqwe
fjzd{tkd d/ g[BoikroD d/ bJh T[ZsodkJh jB.
nkohnk ;wki B/, fi;dh ;EkgBk ;tkwh dfJnkBzd ;o;tsh (1824^1883) B/ ehsh ;h, ;G s'A gfjbK
fjzd{nK Bz{ nkeqwe j'D dk T[gd/P fdZsk. nkohnk ;wki B/ ‘f;fwqshnK’ ns/ ‘g[okDK’ Bz{ n;theko eo
fdZsk, pj[ JhPtotkd dh fBzdk ehsh, ns/ ‘fJe t/d’, ‘fJe Xow’, ns/ ‘fJe/Ptotkd d/ doPB’ Bz{
;theko ehsk. nkohnk ;wki B/ iksh ns/ fJ; d/ d[nkok ;w[zdoh :ksok T[Zs/ brkJ/ rJ/ gqsh pzX dk fto'X
ehsk ns/ ‘;[Xh’ nzd'bB nkozG ehsk ns/ gfssK (outcastes), gfotofssK (converts) ns/ pkjoh b'eK
Bz{ d[pkok fjzd{st ftu fbnkT[D dk ekoi nkozG ehsk. ;wki ;/tk dh T[seN fJZSk Bkb gq/fos nkohnk
;wki nZi th T[Zso Gkos ftu fjzd{nK d/ g[Bo^T[EkB ftu wjZstg{oB ekoe j?.
okw feqPB fwPB gqkuhB ns/ nkX[fBe dk skbw/b j?. okwfeqPB gowjz; dh fwqs{ d/ d; ;kb pknd T[BQK
d/ gow fPP ;tkwh ftt/ekBzd (18861^1902) d[nkok nkozG ehs/ rJ/ fJ; fwPB dk T[gd/P ;h fe
iksh^ftt;Ek T[BQK d/ bJh j? i' JhPto s'A d{o j[zd/ jB, fJ; bJh fJ; Bz{ ysw ehsk ikDk ukjhdk j?.
fJj P[ZX t/dKs f;XKs Bz{ wzBdk j? feT[Afe fJ; dk nkdoP ns/ T[d/P fJj j? fe ftnes Bz{ nkgDh ;woZEk
d/ nB[o{g nfXnksfwe ftek; eoBk j?. ftt/ekBzd B/ ;kjf;e x'PDk ehsh fe iksh Bz{ fjzd{ tkd, Xow
iK iBw nkfd Bkb e[M b?Dk^d/Dk BjhA j? ns/ fjzd{ ;fGnsk ns/ ;z;feqsh ;otP/qPm jB, B/ ftPt Bz{ j?okB
eo fdZsk ns/ fjzd{nK ftu BthB u/sBk dk ;zuko ehsk, feT[Afe T[; ;w/A fjzd{nK ftu :{ogh ;fGnsk ns/
;z;feqsh d/ ;kjwD/ nkgD/ nkg Bz{ jhD ;wMD dh GktBk ftnkgs ;h.
fJj ;G :sB ns/ nkeqwD iksh^ftt;Ek dh em'osktK B{z ;wkgs eoB ftu ;cb BjhA j'J/, Gkt/A iksh
dh e[M ;zouBkswe ftP/PsktK T[Zs/ fBPu/ jh fJBQK dk gqGkt fgnk.

eh s[;hA ikDd/ j' dZyD Gkos ftu p;tK d[nkok, i' ‘fbzrkfJs nzd'bB’ nkozG ehsk frnk, T[;
B/ th pqkjwDK dh ;/qPmsk dk fto'X ehsk ns/ w{osh g{ik ns/ iksh^ftt;Ek Bz{
;wkgs eoB dh p/Bsh ehsh.

7H1H9 iksh ftt;Ek Bz{ gqGkts eoB tkb/ sZs
7H1H9 iksh ftt;Ek Bz{ gqGkts eoB tkb/ sZs
7H1H9 iksh ftt;Ek Bz{ gqGkts eoB tkb/ sZs
7H1H9 iksh ftt;Ek Bz{ gqGkts eoB tkb/ sZs
7H1H9 iksh ftt;Ek Bz{ gqGkts eoB tkb/ sZs
T[go'es ftPb/PD d/ nkXko T[Zs/ fJj XkoBk BjhA pDkT[Dh ukjhdh fe ;ko/ iksh ;zouBk fe ftP/P
;w/A ftu ftP/P ;o{g fbZsh j'Jh ;h ns/ pknd ftu fJ; ftu gfotosB ehs/ rJ/, pbfe nfij/ e[M
j'o ekoK dk T[b/y ehsk ik ;edk j? i' fJj dZ;d/ jB fe fe; ;w/A ns/ fe; ;EkB T[Zs/ T[BQK dk gqGkt
fgnk. bko/A; o'; B/ fJ; ;zpzX ftu S/ ekoe dk T[b/y ehsk j?—
nkohnB s'A gfjbK d/ G'iB ns/ feZs/ ;zpzXh fBP/X
nkohnB s'A gfjbK d/ G'iB ns/ feZs/ ;zpzXh fBP/X
1H 1H 1H 1H 1H nkohnB s'A gfjbK d/ G'iB ns/ feZs/ ;zpzXh fBP/X nkohnB s'A gfjbK d/ G'iB ns/ feZs/ ;zpzXh fBP/X (Pre-Aryan food and Occupational
nkohnB s'A gfjbK d/ G'iB ns/ feZs/ ;zpzXh fBP/X
—
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Taboos) — — nkohnB d/ nkrwB ns/ T[Zso Gkos ftu ;Ekgs j'D s'A gfjbK Gkos d/ w{b
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120 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY