Page 128 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
7H1H10 ;[szsosk g{ot T[d:'fre ekb
7H1H10 ;[szsosk g{ot T[d:'fre ekb
7H1H10 ;[szsosk g{ot T[d:'fre ekb
7H1H10 ;[szsosk g{ot T[d:'fre ekb
BØN 7H1H10 ;[szsosk g{ot T[d:'fre ekb
nzrq/IK B/ Gkos dh Xkofwe ns/ ;wkfie gozgoktK d/ gfotosB ftu pj[s xZN ezw ehsk. fB:'fis
;wkfie gfotosB d/ bJh T[BQK B/ ‘j~E MkV' Bhsh’ (Hands off) dk ;jkok fbnk. T[BQK B/ b'eK Bz{ g{ik
ftu ;[szsosk ns/ Xkofwe fBog/ysk (religious neutrality) dk tkfJdk ehsk. G{wh brkB t;{b eoB
tkfbnK Bz{ fiwhAdko ns/ wjkokik d/ gd T[Zs/ fpmk fdZsk frnk. iksh ;z;eoD ftu T[Zu;E b'eK d/ j'o
b'eK d/ ;zdoG ftu ;Zsk s/ gqkfXekoK Bz{ ;thfeqsh gqdkB ehsh rJh. nfijh dPktK ftu iksh Bkb ;zpzX
ohsh^fotki gBgd/ oj/. gozs{ e[M ngtkd th ;B, fit/A e[M Bkrfoe ftXkB (T[dkjoD bJh iksh
fBo:'rsk T[Bw{bB nfXfB:w) ns/ e'oNK B/ ftnkj Bz{ fB:w eoB d/ :sB ehs/, ns/ iksh gzukfJsK dh
pikJ/ c"idkoh ndkbsK e[M wkwfbnK ftu fBoD/ b?D bZrhnK, fit/A, wko^eZ[N, go fJ;sqh rwB,
pbkseko nkfd. 1872 d/ ftP/P ftnkj nfXfB:w d/ d[nkok nzsoiksh ftnkj nfXfB:w d/ pkti{d th
fJj ftnkj frDsh dh fdqPNh s'A wj~stg{oB BjhA oj/.
ftPt :[ZX d/ pknd Gkos ftu T[d:'rheoB ftu tkXk j[zdk frnk fi; d/ ekoD b'eK B/ fgzvK s'A PfjoK
ftu gbkfJD nkozG eo fd~sk ns/ d' ekoeK d/ nbktk e[M j'o ekoeK B/ th fJ; ekb ftu iksh ;zouBk
Bz{ gqGkts ehsk. toswkB ftu iksh^ftt;Ek dh ftnkfynk eoB ns/ fJ; dh ;\shnK B{z fYZbk j'D d/
ekoDK dh ftt/uBk eoB d/ g{ot fJj io{oh j? fe thjthA Pskpdh dh gfjbh gzi PskpdhnK ftu iksh
;zouBk ftu gfotosB fbnkT[D tkb/ d' wj~stg{oB ekoeK ns/ T[d:'rheoB ns/ BroheoD dk toDB
ehsk ikt/.
T[d:'rheoB
T[d:'rheoB (Industrialsation)—— —— —T[d:'rK d/ ftek; B/ jZE fPbg Bz{ ysw eo fdZsk ns/ ihtB^fBotkj
T[d:'rheoB
T[d:'rheoB
T[d:'rheoB
dh nD;[Dh ftXhnK dk gq:'r ehsk ikD bZfrnk. ftt;kfJe rshPhbsk ns/ g?fsqe fgzvK s'A ikD dh gqfeqnk
B/ iksh d/ T[BQK wkBdzvK Bz{ s'VBk nkozG eo fd~sk fiBQK dk ftnkj Bkb e'Jh ;zpzX BjhA ;h. T[d:'rheoB
Bkb :ksk:ks d/ Bt/A ;kXB th fte;s j'J/. Bshi/ ti'A pZ;K s/ o/bK ftu tXdh j'Jh GhV s'A ftfGzB ikshnK
dh bZyK dh ;zfynk ftu b'eK dk fJe d{i/ d/ Bkb T[mD^p?mD d/ ekoD ;z;kfoe gft~sosk (Ritual Purity)
ysw fijh j' rJh. fit/A^fit/A T[d:'fre Pqfwe nkgD/ gfotko fgzvK ftu S~v e/ PfjoK ftu iK T[d:'fre
y/soK ftu ik e/ ftfGzB ikshnK d/ b'eK d/ Bkb fJe jh wekB ftu ofjD br/ T[t/A^T[t/A ykD^ghD
dh fBP/X th xZN gqGkth j[zd/ rJ/.
fco th, T[d:'rheoB dk gqGkt fJe ;wkB BjhA j'fJnk j? ns/ iksh ftt;Ek dhnK ;kohnK ftP/PsktK
fJ; Bkb g{oB o{g ftu gqGkts BjhA j'JhnK jB. T[dkjoD bJh, fJ; dk ftnkj T[Zs/ ns/ iksh d/ wkBdzvK
T[Zs/ e'Jh gqGkt BjhA fgnk j?. fJ; dk eoB fJj j? fe ;wkfie edoK^ehwsK dh iVK pj[s vz{xhnK jB.
gozs{ fJ; ftu ;zd/j BjhA j? fe iksh ;zouBk T[Zs/ T[d:'rheoB dk gqGkt io{o fgnk j?.

e[M ftdtkBK dk ftPtk; ;h fe T[d:'rheoB Bkb nkgD/ nkg iksh ftt;Ek ysw j' ikJ/rh ns/ fJ; d/ ;EkB
T[Zs/ j'bh^j'bh tor ftt;Ek nk ikJ/rh i' fe g~Swh fte;s T[d:'fre ;wkiK ftu gkJh iKdh j?. fJe j~d
se fJj nkPk ns/ d{o^fdqPNh fJ; ftPtk; Bkb g?dk j'Jh fe wPhBheoB ns/ T[sgkdB ftu okPNoh GktBk
dk gq:'r ;wkfie gfotosB dk fJe ;q's j?. gozs{ ;wkfie gfotosB Bkb ;zpzfXs fJj XkoDk e/tb nkofEe
gfog/y gq;s[s eodh j?. ;wkfie gfotosB dk ;wkfie^;zouBkswe ns/ iB;zfynkswe g~y th j?. T[d:'fre
;wki dk g{oB o[g/D p[~Xh;zrs (Rational) ;wki j'Dk io{oh BjhA j?.

PfjoheoB
PfjoheoB (Urbanization)—BroK d/ ftek;, :ksk:ks d/ fte;s ;kXBK, ns/ ;zuko d/ ;kXBK ftu
PfjoheoB
PfjoheoB
PfjoheoB
so~eh B/ Gkos ftu iksh dh ekoi gqDkbh Bz{ pdfbnk j?. Bk f;o| fJ; B/ ;fjG'i ;zpzXh (Commensal)
fB:wK Bz{ fPfEb ehsk j?, ;r'A pqkjwDK d/ nfXeko T[Zs/ th gqPB fuzBQ brk fdZsk j?. fJ; ;zdoG ftu
n?wHn?BH ;qhfBtk; B/ fejk j? fe pqkjwDK d/ PfjoK ftu gqtoiB d/ ekoD, r?o pqkjwD T[BQK Bz{ T[j ;BwkB
d/D s'A fJBeko eod/ jB i' T[j T[BQK Bz{ gfjb/ fdZsk eod/ ;B. nzsoiksh ykD^ghD d/ fBP/XK ftu th
fPfEbsk nkT[D brh j?. X[foJ/ B/ th ;theko ehsk fe iksh ftt;Ek dh ;\skJh Bkb gfotosB BroK
d/ gk;/ ikD tkbh iB;zfynk d/ ekoD ns/ BroK d/ ftek; d/ ekoD j'J/ jB. fezr;b/ v/ft; B/ th wzfBnK
j? fe PfjoK dh r[wBkwhgB dh gqftosh (anonymity), GhV^GkV, rshPhbsk, Xow^fBog/ysk, ns/
gfotosBPhbsk iksh d/ ezwK Bz{ n;zGt pDkT[Adh j?.

122 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY