Page 127 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

fJekJh^7L iksh^ftt;Ek dk GftZy ns/ gfotofss gqftoshnK
fJekJh^7L iksh^ftt;Ek dk GftZy ns/ gfotofss gqftoshnK
fJekJh^7L iksh^ftt;Ek dk GftZy ns/ gfotofss gqftoshnK
fJekJh^7L iksh^ftt;Ek dk GftZy ns/ gfotofss gqftoshnK
fJekJh^7L iksh^ftt;Ek dk GftZy ns/ gfotofss gqftoshnK
nkfd^dqftVK noEks g'qN' nk;Nq/fbUv; (Proto-Australoids) ns/ nk;Nq' J/PhnkfNe; (Austro- BØN
Asiatics) B/ ;fj G'iB d/ ftP/ ftu ftd/PhnK d/ Bkb, ftP/P o{g Bkb dqftV GkPh niBphnK d/ Bkb
nB/e fBP/X (Taboos) bkr{ eo fdZs/ ;B. fJj ftPtk; ;h fe niBphnK d[nkok j'fJnk G'iB ns/
ebk feqshnK ‘wkBk’ iK ikd{ Bz{ fBPgqGkth eo d/DrhnK ns/ fJ; gqeko ykD tkfbnK T[Zs/ ysoBke
gqGkt S~v/rh. fJBQK g{ot^dqftVK d/ gqshfBXh toswkB ftu nk;kw d/ Bkrk b'e jB i' ni/ th
niBphnK d/ Bkb G'iB dk fBP/X eod/ jB.
iBiksh J/esk
2H 2H iBiksh J/esk iBiksh J/esk —
2H 2H 2H iBiksh J/esk (Tribal Cohesion)— —— —w{b iBikshnK B/ j'bh^j'bh fjzd{nK d/ Xkofwe ns/ ;wkfie
iBiksh J/esk
ftt;EktK ftu gqt/P eoBk nkozG eo fdZsk, fco th, T[BQK B/ nkgDh ;wkfie^Xkofwe b'e ohshnK
ns/ sohfenK T[Zs/ nkXkfos nkgDh w"fbe J/esk B{z pDk e/ oZfynk. fjzd{nK B/ th T[BQK d/ fotkiK
Bz{ ;fjB ehsk ns/ ;wM"s/ dh GktBk Bkb T[BQK dh gqEktK Bz{ ikoh oZyD dh nB[wsh gqdkB eo fd~sh.
fJ; gqeko iBiksh nzso ftnkjh iksh pD rJh. ;kswheoD (assimilation) dh fJj jbeh gqfeqnk
Gkos d/ nB/e fjZf;nK ftu ftek; d/ ftfGzB nt;EktK ftu d/yh rJh j?.
3H 3H 3H iksh P[ZXsk dh nkohnB dh fJZSk (The Aryan Desire for Racial Purity)—JhH g{ot d{ih
3H 3H iksh P[ZXsk dh nkohnB dh fJZSk iksh P[ZXsk dh nkohnB dh fJZSk
iksh P[ZXsk dh nkohnB dh fJZSk
iksh P[ZXsk dh nkohnB dh fJZSk
Pskpdh ftu id nkohnB B/ Gkos ftu gqt/P ehsk sK T[j fszB torK ftu ftGes ;B—:"X tor
iK Pk;e tor, g[o'fjs tor, ns/ ;wkfBn iB. nkozG ftu fJe tor dk d{i/ ftu gqt/P ;zGt ;h.
nkohnK B/. i' nkgDh gqikshJ/ P[ZXsk (racial purity) pDk e/ oyDk ukj[zd/ ;B, w{b fBtk;hnK d/
Bkb ftnkj fBP/X eo fdZsk. nZi se th T[Zu iksh d/ b'e dh uwVh BhthA ikshnK d/ ng/ePkfeqs
r'oh ns/ T[BQK dh fs~yh B~e j[zdh j?.
fPbgh ;zxK dh fBozsosk
4H 4H 4H fPbgh ;zxK dh fBozsosk fPbgh ;zxK dh fBozsosk (Guild Perpetuation)—T[d:'rK d/ ;fji/ ftek; B/ Pqw ftGkiB Bz{
4H 4H fPbgh ;zxK dh fBozsosk fPbgh ;zxK dh fBozsosk
iBw fdZsk. nkohnB B/ uzr/ feZs/ XkoB eoe/ ns/ nkgD/ pZfunK Bz{ gfotkfoe gozgokrs Xzd/
T[gbpX eok e/ ns/ fPbgh^;zxK (guilds) ftu nzso ftnkj T[Zs/ pb d/ e/ T[BQK d/ fjsK dh oZfynk
nkozG eo fdZsh. w{b fBtk;hnK ftu'A e[M T[Zs/ Gkoh ;ohoe Pqw, Gzrh dk ezw, fwqs gP{nK Bz{ u[~eD
dk ezw, nkfd bd fdZsk. i' b'e fJBQK ezwK d/ bJh wip{o eo fd~s/ rJ/ ns/ ;BwkfBs g/P/ tkb/ b'eK
d/ Bkb ftnkj ;zpzXK s'A tzfus eo fdZsk frnk. fJ; gqeko nkgD/ fPbg iK g/P/ Bz{ ns/ nfXekoK
Bz{ ikoh oZyD dh fJZSk B/ iksh Bz{ pb gqdkB ehsk.

g[o'fjsh ;/qPmsk ns/ Xkofwe wskrqfj
5H 5H g[o'fjsh ;/qPmsk ns/ Xkofwe wskrqfj g[o'fjsh ;/qPmsk ns/ Xkofwe wskrqfj
5H 5H 5H g[o'fjsh ;/qPmsk ns/ Xkofwe wskrqfj g[o'fjsh ;/qPmsk ns/ Xkofwe wskrqfj (Priestly Superemacy And Religious Dog-
mas)—id nkohnk b'e Gkos ftu nkJ/ sK nkozG ftu g[o'fjsK^g[ikohnK B/ j'o torK d/ b'eK Bz{ th
nkgD/ ftu fwbk fbnk. fco th g[o'fjs tor :'Xk (military) tor d/ nXhB (Subordinate) ;h.
j'bh^j'bh pqkjwDK B/ g[[o'fjs ezwK T[Zs/ fJekfXeko iwk e/ nkgDh ;/qPmsk gqkgs eo bJh. 550 JhH
g{ot id p[ZX Xow Bz{ oki d/ Xow d/ o{g ftu ;theko eo fbnk frnk sd p[ZX Xow B/ w[esh d/
wkor (salvation) d/ o{g ftu iBw dh ng/ePk (virtue) Bz{ pb d/ e/ iksh ftt;Ek dk fto'X ehsk.
yZsohnK d/ Bkb :[ZX d/ pknd pqkjwDK B/ nkgD/ Bz{ T[Zuk wzB e/ nB/e wsk rqfj (dogmas) bkr{ eo
fdZs/ ns/ nkgDh ;/qPmsk Bz{ pDk e/ oZfynk. fJBQK wskfrqjK T[Zs/ gftZso Gkt Bkb ftPtk; ehsk
iKdk ;h ns/ :[rK se fJBQK B/ iksh^pzXBK d/ gqubD Bz{ fJe Xkofwe gqPmG{wh gqdkB ehsh. Xkofwe
ftukoK dk nkozG (initiation) S{s dh fpwkoh d/ ;wkB c?bD tkbk fojk. pqkjwDK d/ ;tkoE g{oB fjsK
Bz{ Bkrfoe PeshnK (civil powers) d[nkok ;woEB fwbdk fojk. nB/e T[g ikshnK dk Bt/A ;z;ekoK
d/ Bkb T[d/ j'fJnk ns/ T[BQK B/ nzso ftnkjh iksh d/ o{g ftu ;Ekgs j'D dk dktk ehsk. fJ; gqeko
ikshnK dh frDsh ftu tkXk j[zdk fojk. ;' iksh ftt;Ek ftu em'osk ftu th tkXk jz[dk frnk.
gqtoiB
6H 6H gqtoiB gqtoiB
gqtoiB
6H 6H 6H gqtoiB (Migration)—id ;w{j (ikshnK$T[gikshnK) Bt/A ;EkBK Bz{ ikD br/, T[j nkgDh g?sqe
iksh s'A nbZr^EbZr g? rJ/ feT[Afe nktkrwB d/ ;kXBK dk ftek; BjhA j'fJnk ;h. g?db iK
p?brkVh nkfd Bkb jh T[j nkgD/ foPs/dkoK Bkb ;zgoe pDk e/ oyd/ ;B. j'bh^j'bh nZr/ nkT[D
tkb/ ;kbK ftu T[BQK dk G'iB T[BQK d/ ohsh^fotki ns/ ;z;eko pdbd/ oj/. fJBQK ftftXsktK B/ th
Bt/A iksh ;w{jK Bz{ iBw fdZsk.

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