Page 185 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

fJekJh^10L ;wkfie gfotosD
fJekJh^10L ;wkfie gfotosD
fJekJh^10L ;wkfie gfotosD
fJekJh^10L ;wkfie gfotosD
fJekJh^10L ;wkfie gfotosD
;K;feqs T[gkrw (
;K;feqs T[gkrw (
)L
3H 3H ;K;feqs T[gkrw (;K;feqs T[gkrw (
3H 3H 3H ;K;feqs T[gkrw (Cultural Approach)L )L)L )L fJ; T[gkrw ftu ;wki d/ pdbd/ j'J/ ;K;feqs s~sK BØN
dk ftPb/PD eoe/ gfotosD dk nfXn?B ehsk iKdk j?. fJ;/ T[gkrw d/ nzsors n?wHn?BH ;qhfBtk;
B/ ;z;feqsheoD s/ g~SwheoD dh gqfeqnk d/ wkfXnw Bkb gfotosD dk nfXn?B ehskl o'poN o/
vchbv B/ bx{ ns/ wjs gozgoktK ftu gfotosD d/ wkfXnw s'Al ns/ w?few w?fonN B/ ;ze[fusheoD
s/ ;kotG"wheoD (Parochailization and Universalization) dh gqfeqnk d/ wkfXnw Bkb gfotosD
nfXn?B ehsk. ;z;feqsheoD gfotosD dh T[j gqfeqnk j? fi; ftu BhthA iksh d/ b'e iksh ;z;soD
ftu T[Zu ikshnK d/ ohsh fotki, eow, ftukoXkoktK ns/ T[BQK dh ihtB P?bh Bz{ ngDk e/ nkgDh
gfo;fEsh B{z u[eDk ukj[zd/ jK. gozgokrs ;wkfie ;zouBk ftu fJjh ;K;feqse rshPhbsk dh gqfeqnk
j?. T[Zu ikshnK ;d?t pqkjwD BjhA j[zdhnK jBl T[j ysoh, t?P ns/ j'o th j' ;edhnK jB.
g~SwheoD r?o^g~Swh ;wki d[nkok g~Swh ;wki dh seBhe, ;z;EktK, nkdoPK s/ edoK^ehwsK Bz{
ngDkfJnk j?. e[M ftdtkB fJ; ftuko d/ jB fe g~SwheoD ns/ ;z;feqsheoD d't/A jh gqfeqnktK
Gkos ftu ;wkfie^;z;feqse gfotosD d/ T[g^PkyktK Bz{ ;gPN BjhA eodhnK. ;z;feqsheoD iksh
ftnt;Ek ftu fe;/ ftnesh iK ;w{j dh gfo;fEsh ftu gfotosD fXT[se j?l fJj ;wki iK
;wkfie ftnt;Ek ftu gfotosD B{z BjhA d;dk. :'r/Ado f;zx (1947L9) B/ th wzfBnk j? fe
nkX[fBe Gkos ftu j'D tkb/ ;wkfie gfotosD dk ;z;feqsheoD ns/ g~SwheoD d/ ;zdoG ftu
toDB eoBk ;zouBkswe noE dh ng/ePk ;K;feqse noE ftu toDB eoBk j?.
o'poN o/vchbv (1955), fiBQK B/ bx{ ns/ wjs gozgoktK dh ntXkoDktK dh ;jkfJsk Bkb wef;e'A
d/ ;w[dkfJnK d/ ;wkfie gfotosD dk ftPb/PD ehsk ;h, dk nB[;oD eod/ j'J/ w?few w/fonN
(1955) ns/ fwbNB f;zro (1959) B/ th Gkos ftu ;wkfie gfotosD dk fJ;/ ntXkoDkswe
;zdoG ftu nfXn?B ehsk. bx{ gozgoktK T[j ;td/Ph gqEktK, d/th^d/tsk, ns/ ohshnK s/ ;z;eko
jB i' fe b'e g~Xo s/ gkJ/ iKd/ jB. T[j g/Av{ ;w[dkJ/ d/ g~Xo T[s/ gkJ/ iKd/ jB ns/ T[BQK dk ftek;
nKsfoe j[dk j?. i' gozgoktK pkjoh ;zgoeK d/ ekoD ftef;s j[zdhnK jB ns/ nfGiB g~Xo T[s/
fwbdhnK jB, wjs gozgoktK efjbkT[Adh jB. ;K;feqse gfotosK dh ftnkfynk eod/ j'J/ fwbvB
f;zro B/ fejk j?L (n) wjs gozgoktK dk ftek; bx{ gozgoktK d/ Bkb fBozso fojk j?l (p) Gkos
ftu ;K;feqse fBozsosk dk ekoD b'eK d[nkok nkw ;K;feqse u/sBk ftu ;fjGkfrsk ns/ nkw
wkBf;e fdqPNhe'D j?l (;) nkw ;K;feqse u/sK dk fBowkD gft~so g[;seK ns/ gft~so t;s{nK Bkb
j[zdk j?l (d) nshs d/ Bkb Gkos dh ;K;feqse fBozsosk fJzBh ;[fdqV j? fe ;theko ehs/ gfotosDK
ftu th gqkuhB gozgoktK Bz{ BjhA S~fvnk iKdk. fJ; gqeko, Gkt/A nkX[fBe Gkos d/ ;wkfie s/
;K;feqse ihtB d/ nB/e g~yK B{z gqGkts eo oj/ jB, T[BQK B/ Gkos d/ w{b YKu/ s/ ;o{g Bz{ BPN BjhA
ehsk j? w?few w?fonN B/ bx{ gozgoktK d/ w{b s~sK dk wjs gozgoktkK dh soc T[mD dh gqfeqnk B{z
;kotG"fweoD fejk j?. d{ih soc, wjs gozgoktK dk j/mK dh ns/ bx{ gozgoktK se gj[zuD dh gqfeqnk
Bz{ ;ze[fusheoD fejk j?. fJ; gqeko ;kotG"fweoB ns/ ;ze[fusheoD d't/A jh gqfeqnk ;K;feqse
gfotosD dh ftnkfynk eodhnK jB.

)L fJj T[gkrw ;wkfie ;zpzXK d/ ikb ns/ ;wkfie
;zouBkswe T[gkrw (
)L
)L
4H 4H ;zouBkswe T[gkrw (;zouBkswe T[gkrw (
4H 4H 4H ;zouBkswe T[gkrw (Structural Approach)L
)L
;zouBkswe T[gkrw (
;zouBk ftu gfotosD dk nfXn?B eodk j? (fit/A iksh, Bks/dkoh, c?eNoh, gqPk;fBe ;zouBk
nkfd). fJBK ;wkfie ;zouBktK ns/ ;zpzXK dh s[bBk ;K;feqse fdqPNh Bkb (Intra-culturally) ns/
;K;feqse fdqPNh gko eo (Cross-Culturally) th ehsh iKdh j?.
:'r/Ado f;zx d/ nB[;ko gfotosD d/ ;zouBkswe ftPb/PD ftu ;zpzXK d/ ;zo{gD (Patterned
Relationships) ftu Bt/A skbw/b d/ r[Dkswe gqfeqsh dk nfXn?B fBfjs j?. TdkjoD bJh, id
ihtB ;kEh dh u'D pZu/ nkg eod/ jB. Bk fe T[BQK d/ wksk fgsk, sd ftnkj ;zpzXK dh r[D ;zpzXh
gqfeqsh fBPu/ jh fGzB j't/rh. Gkos ftu gfotosD d/ ftPb/PD ftu fJ; T[gkrw dk gq:'r e[M
w[Peb Bkb jh ehsk frnk j?, id fe ;K;feqse T[gkrw dk gq:'r fInkdk ehsk frnk j?.
5H 5H J/ehfeqs T[gkrw (J/ehfeqs T[gkrw (
5H 5H 5H J/ehfeqs T[gkrw (J/ehfeqs T[gkrw (Intergrated Approach)L)L )L)L )L :'r/Ado f;zx wzBd/ jB fe T[go'es e'Jh th T[gkrw
J/ehfeqs T[gkrw (
Gkos ftu ;wkfie gfotosD dk ftnkge gfog/y gq;s[s BjhA eodk. ;' T[BQK B/ ;wkfie gfotosD

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