Page 202 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
BØN ftfGzB ;fG~nsktK d/ fJfsjk; s'A gqkgs s~EK d/ nkXko s/ ;'o'feB;'o'feB (Sorokin) B/ Bshik e~fYnk fe
;'o'feB
;'o'feB
;'o'feB
ekbgfBe
ekbgfBe
nkdoPkswe
nkdoPkswe
;~fGnsktK dhnK fszB gqw[~y Pq/DhnK jB, noEks ekbgfBe ekbgfBe (ideational), nkdoPkswenkdoPkswe
ekbgfBe
nkdoPkswe
(idealistic) ns/ ;zt/dBkswe (sensate). ekbgfBe gqeko dh ;~fGnsk ft~u tk;sftesk ns/
w[~bK dh goskofee JhPto d/ ;zdoG ft~u ftnkfynk ehsh iKdh j?. id'A fe fJzdoh ;z;ko fw~fEnk
gqshs j[zdk j?. ;zy/g ft~u, ekbgfBe ;z;feqsh ft~u ;G xNBktK dk fJ~e wkso ekoD GrtkB Bz{
;wfMnk iKdk j?. nfXnksfwe ebgBk ihtB dk nkXko pD iKdh j? ns/ tk;sftesk ns/
fttjkfoesk T[;/ ebgBk b'e ft~u y' iKdh j?. nkdoPkswe gqeko dh ;z;feqsh ft~u tk;sftesk
ns/ w[~bK Bz{ fJzdoh ns/ nsh^fJzdoh d't/A ;wfMnk iKdk j?. fJj ;zt/dBkswe ns/ ekbgfBe d'tK
dk fwPoD j[zdk j?. fJ; ft~u Bk JhPto dh ntj/bDk ehsh iKdh j? ns/ Bk fJ; b'e dh. Bk sK
G"fse ;[y Bz{ jh ;G e[M wzB fbnk ikdk j? ns/ Bk jh nfXnksfwe ebgBk d/ pjkn ft~u v[~fpnk
iKdk j?. ;zt/dBkswe gqeko dh ;z;feqsh ft~u ihtB dk ;zg{oD Yzr G"fsetkdh wB'ftq~sh s'A gqGkfts
j[zdk j?. fJ; ft~u fJzdohifDs Io{osK ns/ fJ~SktK dh g{osh d/ ;kXBK dh gqXkBsk j[zdh j?. Xow,
gqEk, gozgok dk ;EkB r"D j[zdk j?, ftfrnkB ns/ T[d:'freh dk wj~st nfXe j[zdk j?. tk;sftesk
ns/ w[~b e/tb fJzdohnK s~e jh ;hfws jB. fJzdohnK s'A go/ fe;/ tk;sftesk Bz{ BjhA wzfBnk
;'o'feB d/ nB[;ko, g~Swh ;fG~nsk ;zt/dBkswe nt;Ek s'A pj[s pknd dh nt;Ek j? fi;
;'o'feB
;'o'feB
iKdk. ;'o'feB ;'o'feB
Bz{ BthA ekbgfBe nt;Ek ft~u nkUDk ukjhdk j?.
noBkbv i/H NkJ/Bph
noBkbv i/H NkJ/Bph
nkX[fBe ;w/A ft~u noBkbv i/H NkJ/BphnoBkbv i/H NkJ/Bph
noBkbv i/H NkJ/Bph (Arnold J. Toynbee) fJ~e ftfynks nzrq/I dkoPfBe
B/ th ftPt^;~fGnsk d/ fJfsjk; dk u~eoh f;XKs gqshgkfds ehsk j?. T[; d/ nB[;ko, ;~fGnsk
u[B"sh
fszB nt;EktK^itkBh, p[Ykgk ns/ gsB s'A r[Iodh j?. T[; B/ ‘u[B"shu[B"sh’ (challenge) ns/
u[B"sh
u[B"sh
gqshfeqnk
gqshfeqnk
gqshfeqnk
‘gqshfeqnkgqshfeqnk’ (response) dhnK XkoDktK dk ftek; ehsk j?. jo ;wki d/ ;kjwD/ ‘u[B"shnK’
j[zdhnK jB ns/ jo nt;Ek T[; dh gqshfeqnk j?. NkJ/Bph B/ fszB nt;EktK d~;hnK jB^ (i) u[B"sh Bz{
gqshfeqnk^ (response to challenge) fJj :[tk^nt;Ek dk ekb j?l (ii) ;zeN dk ;wK (time to
troubles)^ fJj p[Ykg/ dk ekb j?l (iii) nzfsw o{g Bkb gsB (final downfall) ^ fJj w"s dk
;wK j?. NkJ/Bph dk ftuko ;h fe ;kvh ;~fGnsk, ukj/ fJj nzfsw gsB dh nt;Ek ft~u j?, Bz{
woD s'A pukfJnk ik ;edk j?. T[; dk efjDk j? fe ouBkswe nbg;zfyne nkgD/ nkg Bz{ o'rh
;~fGnsk s'A d{o o~y ;ed/ jB. ns/ JhPto gqd~s PeshnK Bkb frnkB ns/ Pesh gqkgs eo ;ed/
jB. fJj b'e iBsk ft~u T[s;kj Go ;ed/ jB ns/ d[pkok Pesh dk ;zuko eo ;ed/ jB ns/ u[B"sh
dk itkp d/ ;ed/ jB. fJ; gqeko ;~fGnsk Bz{ BPN j'D s'A pukfJnk ik ;edk j?.
;wkfie gfotosB d/ u~eoh ;[Gkn d/ T[go'es f;XKsK Bz{ ;z;feqfse u~eoK d/ f;XKs fejk ik ;edk
j?. PkfJd Uj ftfrnkfBe nfXn?BK dh pikJ/ dkoPfBe fuzsB dh T[gi jB. fJBK ntXkoDktK
d/ b/ye e[M g{otwkBsktK Bz{ b? e/ ftuko nkozG eod/ jB fiBK Bz{ Uj fJfsjk; s'A gqkgs s~EK d[nkok
;woEB eoD dh e'fPP eod/ jB. fJj dkoPfBe f;XKs jB fiBK Bz{ ftfeqs fJfsjkf;e rtkjK
pkoB;
pkoB;
pkoB; (Barnes) B/ NkJ/Bph dh ntXkoDk d/ pko/
d[nkok gqwkfDs eoD dh e'fPP ehsh rJh j?. pkoB;pkoB;
ft~u fbfynk j? fe “fJj t;s{goe iK ftnkfynkswe f;XKs s~e BjhA j?. fJj XowPk;so j?
fi; ft~u JhPto dh fJ~Sk Bz{ ;gPN eoD bJh fJfsjk; s'A u[D/ j'J/ s~EK dk gq:'r ehsk frnk j?,
mhe T[;/ soK, fit/A w~X:[rh gP{^ftP:e T[gd/Pkswe eEktK d/ ;zfrqj ft~u gqkDhPk;soh ebgBktK
Bz{ ;wkB Bshi/ gqkgs eoD bJh tofsnk frnk ;h. NkJ/Bph d[nkok fJ~emh ehsh ftPkb ;w~roh
fJfsjk; dh n;b gqfeqnk dh pikJ/ T[; d/ fdwkr dhnK gqfeqnktK T[Zs/ nfXe gqekP gkUAdh j?.
T[; B/ fJfsjk; Bz{, fit/A fJj w[esh d/ T[d/P Bz{ tXktk d/D bJh j'Dk ukjhdk j?, nkgD/ ftuko^nB[;ko
nfijk fbfynk j?, Bk fe T[; soK fit/A fJj n;b ft~u fojk j?.”
o/fye f;XKs
o/fye f;XKs
(iii) o/fye f;XKs o/fye f;XKs (Linear theory) ^ e[M b/yeK B/ ;wkfie gfotosB d/ o/fye f;XKs dk gqshgkdB
o/fye f;XKs
ehsk j?. UBK d/ nB[;ko ;wki j"bh j"bh ;~fGnsk dh T[Zu s'A T[Zuso nt;Ek t~b tXdk iKdk j?
ns/ fJj ;dk T[ZBsh dh fdPk t~b tXdk j?. fJj fi~E'A P[o{ j[zdk j?, T[ZE'A n~r/ tXdk j?, ed/
th fg~S/ T[; EK s/ BjhA nkUAdk. wB[~y B/ gfjbhnK d' nt;EktK gko eo bJhnK jB, ukj/

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