Page 300 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

O;f"V vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fl¼kar

uksV dkSrlq;kuh osQ vuqlkj] ¶dher foHksn og fLFkfr gS ftlesa ,d oLrq fofHkUu [kjhnnkjksa dks fofHkUu
dherksa ij csph tkrh gSA¸ (Price discrimination exists when the same product is sold at
different prices to different buyers. —Koutsoyiannis)

13-7 dher foHksn osQ izdkj (Types of Price Discrimination)

dher foHksn eq[; :i ls pkj izdkj dk gksrk gSμ
1- O;fDrxr dher foHksn (Personal Price Discrimination)μtc ,d ,dkfèkdkjh fdlh oLrq
dh fofHkUu O;fDr;ksa ls fofHkUu dher ysrk gS rks mls O;fDrxr dher foHksn dgrs gSaA O;fDrxr
dher foHksn] miHkksDrk dh vKkurk osQ dkj.k] dher esa ekewyh varj osQ dkj.k vFkok oLrq ;k lsok
dh izÑfr osQ dkj.k laHko gksrk gSA tSlsμtc ,d MkWDVj ,d gh izdkj osQ vkWijs'ku osQ fy, èkuh
o fuèkZu ejhtksa ls vyx&vyx iQhl ysrk gS rks ;g O;fDrxr dher foHksn dgykrk gSA
2- HkkSxksfyd dher foHksn (Geographical Price Discrimination)μtc ,dkfèkdkjh ,d oLrq
dh fofHkUu LFkkuksa ij fofHkUu dher ysrk gS rks mls HkkSxksfyd dher foHksn dgrs gSaA mnkgj.k osQ
fy,] ,d fu;kZrd viuh oLrq dh dher fons'kh cktkj esa fHkUu rFkk ?kjsyw cktkj esa oqQN vkSj j[krk
gS] tSlk fd jkf'kikru (Dumping) vFkkZr~ fons'kksa esa oLrq dks lLrs nkeksa ij cspukA
3- mi;ksx vuqlkj dher foHksn (Price Discrimination According to Use)μtc ,dkfèkdkjh
,d oLrq osQ fofHkUu mi;ksxksa osQ fy, fofHkUu dhersa ysrk gS rks bls mi;ksx dher foHksn ;k O;kikj
foHksn (Trade Discrimination) dgrs gSa tSls fctyh osQ ?kjsyw mi;ksx (Domestic Use) osQ
fy, izfr ;wfuV nj vfèkd gksrh gS tcfd Ñf"k lacaèkh mi;ksx (Agricultural Use) osQ fy, izfr
;wfuV nj de gksrh gSA
4- le;kuqlkj dher foHksn (Price Discrimination According to Time)μdbZ lkoZtfud
mi;ksx osQ m|ksx (Public Utilities) ,d gh mRiknu dks fofHkUu le; ij fofHkUu dherksa ij csprs
gSaA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] VsyhiQksu foHkkx nsj jkr ;k izkr% dky osQ le; dh tkus okyh VsyhiQksu dkWy
osQ fy, de nj (Low Rate) ysrk gS ijarq fnu esa dh tkus okyh VsyhiQksu dkWy osQ fy, vfèkd
nj (High Rate) yh tkrh gSA

13-8 dher foHksnhdj.k dh Jsf.k;k¡ (Degrees of Price Discrimination)

ihxw us viuh iqLrd ‘Economics of Welfare’ esa dher foHksnhdj.k (Price Discrimination) dks
fuEufyf[kr rhu Jsf.k;ksa esa ckaVk gS%
1- izFke Js.kh dk foHksnhdj.k (Discrimination of the First Degree): izFke Js.kh dk
foHksnhdj.k og foHksnhdj.k gS ftlesa ,d ,dkfèkdkjh oLrq dh izR;sd bdkbZ dh fofHkUu dhersa olwy
djrk gSA izR;sd bdkbZ dh mruh dher fuèkkZfjr dh tkrh gS ftruh dh miHkksDrk nsus osQ fy,
rS;kj gksrk gS] bl izdkj mls dksbZ Hkh miHkksDrk cpr izkIr ugha (No Consumer Surplus)
gksrh gSA vr% izFke Js.kh osQ foHksnhdj.k dk vFkZ ,d ,slh fLFkfr gS ftlesa miHkksDrk dh cpr 'kwU;
gksrh gSA
2- nwljh Js.kh dk foHksnhdj.k (Discrimination of the Second Degree): f}rh; Js.kh dk
foHksnhdj.k og fLFkfr gS ftlesa ,dkfèkdkjh fdlh oLrq dh fofHkUu bdkb;ksa dh fofHkUu dhersa ysrk
gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] jkT;ksa osQ fctyh cksMZ fctyh dh ,d lhek rd igyh oqQN bdkb;ksa osQ miHkksx
dh nj de ysrh gS rFkk ml lhek osQ ckn dh bdkb;ksa osQ miHkksx dh nj vfèkd ysrh gSA bl fLFkfr
esa miHkksDrk dks oqQN miHkksx dh cpr (Consumer's Surplus) izkIr gksrh gSA

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