Page 301 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ 13 % ,dkf/dkjh iQeZ dk fl¼kar

3- rhljh Js.kh dk foHksnhdj.k (Discrimination of the Third Degree): rhljh Js.kh dk uksV
foHksnhdj.k og foHksnhdj.k gS ftlosQ varxZr ,dkfèkdkjh fdlh oLrq osQ oqQy cktkj dks nks ;k rhu
lewgksa (Groups) esa ckaV nsrk gS rFkk izR;sd lewg ls fofHkUu dher olwy djrk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,]
;fn ,dkfèkdkjh ?kjsyw cktkj esa fdlh oLrq dh vfèkd dher fuèkkZfjr djrk gS rFkk fons'kh&cktkj
esa de dher fuèkkZfjr djrk gS rks bls rhljh Js.kh dk foHksnhdj.k dgk tk,xkA okLrfod thou esa
bl Js.kh dk foHksnhdj.k vfèkd izpfyr gSA

13-9 dher foHksn dh vko';d 'krs±
(Essential Conditions for Price Discrimination)

dher foHksn rHkh laHko gks ldrk gS tcfd cktkj esa fuEufyf[kr 'krs± iwjh gksrh gSaμ
1- ,dkfèkdkjh 'kfDr dk vfLrRo (Existence of Monopoly Power)μdher foHksn dh igyh
'krZ ;g gS fd foozsQrk ,dkfèkdkjh gksuk pkfg, vFkkZr~ mlosQ ikl ,dkfèkdkjh 'kfDr gksuh pkfg,A
,dkfèkdkjh 'kfDr osQ vHkko esa fooszQrk oqQN oszQrkvksa ls nwljksa dh rqyuk esa vfèkd dher ugha ys
ldrkA iw.kZ izfr;ksxh iQes± ,d le:i mRikn (Homogeneous Product) osQ fy, fofHkUu dhersa
ugha ys ik,¡xh D;ksafd iw.kZ izfr;ksfxrk dh ifjHkk"kk osQ vuqlkj cktkj esa ,d gh dher izpfyr gksus
dh izo`fÙk gksrh gSA
2- i`Fkd cktkj (Separate Markets)μdher foHksn osQ fy, ;g vko';d gS fd oLrq osQ nks ;k
rhu cktkj gksus pkfg, ftUgsa ,d nwljs ls i`Fkd fd;k tk ldrk gS rFkk ,dkfèkdkjh mUgsa i`Fkd j[k
ldrk gSA (One condition necessary for Discriminating Monopoly is that there
must be two or more markets which can be separated and can be kept separate)
cktkjksa dks HkkSxksfyd n`f"V ls] ;k czkaM osQ }kjk] ;k le; osQ }kjk i`Fkd j[kk tk ldrk gSA O;fDrxr
lsok,¡ iznku djus okys yksx tSls MkWDVj] odhy] vkfn Hkh ,d leku lsok osQ fy, fofHkUu dhersa
ys ldrs gSaA
3- ek¡x dh yksp esa varj (Difference in the Elasticity of Demand)μdher foHksn ml le;
laHko gksxk tc fofHkUu cktkjksa esa ikbZ tkus okyh ek¡x dh yksp fofHkUu gksxhA ;fn ,slk gksrk gS rks
,dkfèkdkjh csykspnkj ek¡x okys cktkj esa vfèkd dher fuèkkZfjr djsxk vkSj vfèkd ykspnkj ek¡x okys
cktkj esa de dher fuèkkZfjr djsxkA ,slk djus ls gh og viuh oqQy vk; dks c<+k ldrk gS D;ksafd
ek¡x esa ifjorZu dk dksbZ Mj ugha gksxkA ;fn fHkUu&fHkUu cktkjksa esa ek¡x dh yksp ,d tSlh gks rks
dher foHksn djuk laHko ugha gks losQxkA
4- iqu£cØh laHkkouk dk vHkko (No Possibility of Re-sale)μdher foHksn osQ vfLrRo osQ fy,
;g vko';d gS fd ml oLrq ;k lsok dk izkjafHkd ozsQrk mldh iqu£cØh ugha dj losQA ,slk rHkh
gks ldrk gS tc ,d vksj rks] oLrq dh ,d bdkbZ lLrs cktkj ls egaxs cktkj esa gLrkarfjr u gks rFkk
nwljh vksj oszQrk egaxs cktkj ls lLrs cktkj esa ugha tk losQ] vFkkZr~ oLrq dh bdkb;ksa dks lLrs cktkj
ls egaxs cktkj esa gLrkarfjr ugha gksuk pkfg,A ;fn ,slk gqvk rks oLrq de dher osQ cktkj esa [kjhnh
tk,xh vkSj Å¡ph dher osQ cktkj esa iqu% csp nh tk,xh] blls dher dk og varj lekIr gks tk,xk
ftls ,dkfèkdkjh cuk, j[kuk pkgrk gSA blfy, dher foHksn osQ fy, ;g vko';d gS fd de dher
okys cktkj ls vfèkd dher okys cktkj esa oLrq dk gLrkarj.k ugha gksuk pkfg,A fyIlh osQ vuqlkj]
¶dher foHksn djus dh ;ksX;rk dh eq[; 'krZ ;g gS fd de dher ij oLrq izkIr djus okyk
oszQrk mldh iqu£cØh ml ozsQrk dks ugha dj ldrk ftls og oLrq Åaph dher ij izkIr gksrh
gSA¸ (The key to being able to discriminate among buyers is that discrimination
among buyers requires that the goods cannot be re-sold by the buyer who faces
the low price to the buyer who faces the high price. —Lipsey)

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