Page 24 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

lef"V&vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fl¼kar

uksV (ii) vizpyu (Obsolescence) blls vfHkizk; mu [kpks± ls gS tks mRikndksa dks iw¡thxr e'khuksa osQ iqjkus

iM+us (rduhdh esa ifjorZu ;k ek¡x esa ifjorZu osQ dkj.k) ij djus iM+rs gSaA rduhdh ;k ek¡x esa
ifjorZu osQ dkj.k vizpyu dks izR;kf'kr vizpyu (Expected Obsolescence) dgrs gSaA ;g
vizR;kf'kr vizpyu izkÑfrd foifÙk tSls ck<+] vkx] bR;kfn ls fHkUu gksrk gSA Lej.k jgs fd osQoy
izR;kf'kr vizpyu dks gh ewY; ßkl dh x.kuk esa lfEefyr fd;k tkrk gSA

(iii) vkdfLed gkfu (Sudden Damage) blls vfHkizk; gS e'khujh rFkk IykaV dk vkdfLed fcxM+ tkukA
bu rhuksa izdkj osQ ewY; ßkl ls fuiVus osQ fy, ,d mRiknd dks ewY; ßkl vkjf{kr iaQM (Depreciation
Reserve Fund) dh LFkkiuk djuh iM+rh gSA ;g f?klh iw¡th osQ izfrLFkkiu osQ fy, t:jh gSA vU;Fkk mldh
mRiknu {kerk (mldh LFkk;h iw¡th osQ :i esa) esa ?kVus dh izo`fÙk ik;h tk,xhA jk"Vªh; Lrj ij] ;fn pkyw
izfrLFkkiu ij è;ku ugha fn;k tkrk rks jk"Vª dh mRiknu {kerk ?kV tk,xh bldk fufgrkFkZ oLrqvksa rFkk
lsokvksa osQ izokg dk fxjuk gSA pkyw iqu% LFkkiuk ykxr dh x.kuk djrs le; ge osQoy viuh fo|eku
mRiknu {kerk (vFkok iw¡th LVkWd) dks gh è;ku esa j[krs gSaA f?kls&fiVs iw¡thxr LVkWd osQ iqu% LFkkiu lacaèkh
[kpks± dks fuos'k&O;; vFkok iqu% LFkkiu fuos'k dgk tkrk gSA
iqu% LFkkiu fuos'k osQoy ewY; ßkl lacaèkh gkfu;ksa osQ fy, fd;k tkrk gS] blls jk"Vª osQ iw¡thxr LVkWd esa
dksbZ o`f¼ fufgrkFkZ ugha gksrhA tc iqu% LFkkiu fuos'k osQ vfrfDr fuos'k O;; fd;k tkrk gS rc jk"Vª osQ
iw¡thxr LVkWd (vFkok mRiknu {kerk) esa o`f¼ gksrh gS] rFkk bls 'kq¼ fuos'k ('kq¼ fuos'k = ldy fuos'k
µ ewY; ßkl dgk tkrk gSA

ewY; ßkl osQ vkdyu }kjk ge fuEufyf[kr ij izdk'k Mkyrs gSaµ
(i) iqu% LFkkiu ykxr dk egÙo

(ii) ldy fuos'k rFkk 'kq¼ fuos'k esa varj
(iii) 'kq¼ fuos'k (iqu% LFkkiu ykxr osQ vfrfjDr fuos'k) osQ iw¡thxr LVkWd (vFkok jk"Vª dh mRiknu
{kerk) esa o`f¼ djus lacaèkh egÙoA

eq[; ¯cnq (Key Points)

ldy ?kjsyw mRikn (Gross Domestic Product)µ,d vFkZO;oLFkk dh ?kjsyw lhek osQ vanj mRikfnr
vafre oLrqvksa rFkk lsokvksa osQ izokg osQ eki dks ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dgrs gSaA blesa ewY; ßkl lfEefyr
gksrk gSA
ewY; o`f¼ (Value Addition)µvkxrksa dks mRiknu esa ifjo£rr djus dks ewY; o`f¼ dgrs gSaA

vafre oLrq,¡ (Final Goods)µvafre oLrq,¡ mu oLrqvksa dks dgrs gSa tks mRiknu dh lhek js[kk dks
ikj dj pqdh gSa rFkk vius vafre miHkksxdÙkkZ osQ fy, rS;kj gSaA
eè;orhZ oLrq,¡ (Intermediate Goods)µeè;orhZ oLrq,¡ os oLrq,¡ gksrh gSa tks mRiknu dh lhek js[kk
osQ vanj gksrh gSa ftuesa ewY; o`f¼ dh tkuh gSA ;s oLrq,¡ iQeks± }kjk blfy, [kjhnh tkrh gSa rkfd mudk
dPps eky osQ :i esa iz;ksx fd;k tk losQ ;k budh vkxs fcØh dh tk losQA

?kjsyw lhek (Domestic Territory)µblosQ varxZr jktuhfrd lhek osQ vfrfjDr ns'k osQ lhekarxZr
ty {ks=k rFkk ns'k osQ fuokfl;ksa }kj fofHkUu ns'kksa esa vk; izkfIr gsrq pyk, tkus okys gokbZ tgkt rFkk
leqnzh tgkt lfEefyr gksrs gSaA

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