Page 26 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

lef"V&vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fl¼kar

uksV gS ijarq csdjh okyk mls eè;orhZ oLrq ekusxk rFkk mldk iz;ksx McyjksVh cukus osQ fy, djsxkA csdjh okyk
McyjksVh nqdkunkj dks 800 #- esa csprk gSA csdjh okys osQ fy, McyjksVh vafre oLrq gS ijarq nqdkunkj osQ fy,
;g eè;orhZ oLrq gSA nqdkunkj McyjksVh dks 900 #- esa vafre viHkksDrkvksa dks csp nsrk gSA tgk¡ rd fdlku]
vkVk fey] csdjh okyk rFkk nqdkunkj dk iz'u gS] dksbZ O;fDr vafre mRikn dk vuqeku yxkus osQ fy, 400
#- 600 #- 800 #- rFkk 900 #- dk tksM+ djsxkA tks 2700 #- vk,xkA ¯drq vFkZO;oLFkk esa bl <ax ls GDP
vFkok oqQy mRiknu dk vuqeku ugha yxk;k tkrkA mRiknu osQ mijksDr vuqeku esa] ,d mRiknd@iQeZ osQ mRiknu
dk ewY; nwljs mRiknd osQ mRikn ewY; esa izfrfcfEcr (Reflected) gksrk gS] D;ksafd ,d dk mRikn nwljs osQ
vkxr (Input) osQ :i esa iz;ksx gksrk gSA vr% eSnk osQ ewY; esa xsgw¡ dk ewY; lfEefyr gksrk gS rFkk McyjksVh
osQ ewY; esa eSnk dkA 2700 #- dks oqQy mRiknu ewY; esa 1800 #- ewY; dh oLrqvksa dk iz;ksx eè;orhZ oLrqvksa
vFkok eè;orhZ miHkksx osQ :i esa gksrk gSA vafre oLrq dk ewY; osQoy 900 #- gS ftls McyjksVh osQ ewY; osQ
:i esa vafre miHkksDrk dks cspk x;k gSA eè;orhZ oLrqvksa osQ ewY; dks vafre mRiknu osQ ewY; esa fiQj ls 'kkfey
djus ls ge nksgjh x.kuk (Double Counting) dh xyrh djrs gSa] blls cpuk t:jh gSA

nksgjh x.kuk dh leL;k (Problem of Double Counting)
jk"Vªh; mRikn osQ vuqeku esa tc ,d oLrq osQ ewY; dh x.kuk ,d ls vfèkd ckj gksrh gS rks bls nksgjh x.kuk
(Double Counting) dh xyrh dgk tkrk gSA Li"Vr% blosQ dkj.k ns'k osQ ldy ?kjsyw mRikn (GDP) esa
vuko';d :i ls o`f¼ gks tkrh gSA mijksDr mnkgj.k esa] GDP osQ vuqeku esa xsgw¡ dk ewY; pkj ckj tksM+k x;k
gSA izFke ckj] tc bldk mRiknu fdlku }kjk fd;k tkrk gS] nwljh ckj tc bls eSnk esa ifjo£rr fd;k tkrk
gS] rhljh ckj tc bls McyjksVh esa ifjo£rr fd;k tkrk gS] vkSj pkSFkh ckj tc bls vafre miHkksDrkvksa dks cspk
tkrk gSA osQoy ml le; gh tc McyjksVh dks vafre miHkksDrkvksa osQ ikl cspk tkrk gS rc McyjksVh osQ :i
esa xsgw¡ ,d vafre oLrq curh gSA blosQ iwoZ ;g ,d mRiknd ls nwljs mRiknd rd eè;orhZ oLrq osQ :i esa
?kwerh gS ftldk euksjFk mRiknu izfØ;k esa eè;orhZ miHkksx (Intermediate Consumption) gksrk gSA nksgjh
x.kuk rc gksrh gS tc mu oLrqvksa dks] tks vHkh eè;orhZ oLrqvksa osQ :i esa iz;ksx esa yk;h tk jgh gSa] GDP
osQ vuqeku esa lfEefyr dj fy;k tkrk gSA

nksgjh x.kuk dh leL;k osQ lekèkku osQ nks mik;

(Two Ways of Solving the Problem of Double Counting)

fuEufyf[kr nks mik;ksa }kjk nksgjh x.kuk dh leL;k dk lekèkku gks ldrk gSA izFke% GDP dk vuqeku yxkrs
le; ge osQoy vafre oLrqvksa] u fd eè;orhZ oLrqvksa] osQ ewY; dks tksM+rs gSaA vè;k; 2 esa geus igys gh
vafre oLrqvksa rFkk eè;orhZ oLrqvksa osQ varj dk fooj.k ns fn;k gSA mldks fiQj nksgjkrs gSa fdµ
(i) eè;orhZ oLrqvksas dk iz;ksx vU; oLrqvksa osQ mRiknu esa dPps eky osQ :i esa gksrk gS vFkok iQes± ;k
mRiknu }kjk budh iqu% fcØh Hkh gks ldrh gSA blosQ foijhr vafre oLrqvksa dk iz;ksx vU; oLrqvksa
osQ mRiknu esa dPps eky osQ :i esa ugha gksrk vkSj mRikndksa ,oa iQeks± }kjk budh iqu% fcØh Hkh ugha
gksrh gSA

(ii) eè;orhZ oLrq,¡ mRiknu dh lhek js[kk osQ vanj jgrh gSaA bu oLrqvksa esa ewY; tksM+uk vHkh ckdh gksrk
gSA blosQ foijhr vafre oLrq,¡ mRiknu dh lhek js[kk ls ckgj gksrh gSa vkSj buesa dksbZ ewY; ugha tksM+k
tkrkA

osQoy vafre oLrqvksa osQ ewY; dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, ge nksgjh x.kuk dh leL;k ls cp ldrs gSaA GDP dk
vuqeku yxkrs le; fdlh oLrq osQ ewY; dh nks ckj fxurh ugha gksrh gSA

20 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY