Page 30 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

lef"V&vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fl¼kar

uksV generated in the unincorporated enterprises.) fefJr vk; esa dke ls izkIr vk; rFkk laifÙk vkSj m|eo`fÙk
ls izkIr vk; 'kkfey gksrh gSA fefJr vk; mu O;fDr;ksa dks izkIr gksrh gS tks x`gLFkksa (Households) osQ :i
esa lkèku lsok,¡ iznku djrs gSa rFkk mRikndksa osQ :i esa oLrqvksa o lsokvksa osQ mRiknu osQ fy, viuh lkèku
lsokvksa dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA ;s lHkh&Lo&jkstxkj (Self-employed) izkIr O;fDr gSa rFkk Lo&jkstxkj vk; v£tr
djrs gSa] ftlesa etnwjh] yxku] C;kt rFkk ykHk lfEefyr gksrs gSaA os m|e ftuesa Lo&jkstxkj O;fDr;ksa dh
fefJr vk; dh èkkj.kk dk iz;ksx gksrk gS] ogk¡ lkèku ykxr ij 'kq¼ ewY; o`f¼ (Net Value added at Factor

Cost) Lo&jkstxkj O;fDr;ksa dh fefJr vk; osQ cjkcj gksrh gSA

+ yxku] C;kt] ykHk] deZpkfj;ksa dk ikfjJfed rFkk Lo&jkstxkj O;fDr;ksa dh fefJr vk; osQ
oqQy tksM+ ls gesa ?kjsyw vk; izkIr gksrh gSA vr% ?kjsyw vk; = deZpkfj;ksa dk ikfjJfed + yxku
+ C;kt + ykHk + Lojkstxkj O;fDr;ksa dh fefJr vk;A ?kjsyw vk; dks jk"Vªh; vk; esa ifjo£rr
djus osQ fy, fons'kksa ls izkIr 'kq¼ lkèku vk; dks blesa tksM+k tkrk gSA

jk"Vªh; vk; dks ekius osQ fy, vk; osQ fuEufyf[kr lkèku dks Hkh è;ku esa j[kk tkrk gSµ

(6) fons'kksa ls 'kq¼ lkèku vk; (Net Factor Income from Abroad)µfons'kksa esa iznku dh xbZ lkèku
lsokvksa osQ cnys esa izkIr vk; rFkk ,d ns'k dh ?kjsyw lhek esa xSj&fuokfl;ksa }kjk iznku dh xbZ lkèku lsokvksa
osQ cnys esa Hkqxrku dh xbZ vk; osQ varj dks fons'kksa ls 'kq¼ lkèku vk; dgk tkrk gSA
'kq¼ jk"Vªh; vk; = deZpkfj;ksa dk ikfjJfed + izpkyu vfèk'ks"k (yxku + C;kt + ykHk) + fefJr vk;
+ fons'kksa ls 'kq¼ lkèku vk;
¹uksV% yxku] C;kt rFkk ykHk osQ oqQy tksM+ dks izpkyu vfèk'ks"k dgk tkrk gSAº

(3) O;; fofèk (Expenditure Method)

O;; fofèk og fofèk gS ftlosQ }kjk ,d ys[kk o"kZ esa cktkj dher ij ldy ?kjsyw mRikn ij fd, x, vafre
O;; dks ekik tkrk gSA bl fofèk dks vk; foU;kl fofèk (Income Disposable Method) ;k miHkksx fuos'k
fofèk (Consumption Investment Method) Hkh dgk tkrk gSA ;g fofèk vafre O;; vFkok ldy ?kjsyw
mRikn ij O;; dh x.kuk djrh gSA

vafre O;; osQ ?kVd (Components of Final Expenditure)

(1) vafre miHkksx O;; % blosQ nks eq[; vax bl izdkj gSaµ

(i) futh vafre miHkksx O;; (private Final Consumption Expenditure)µ?kjsyw cktkj esa futh
vafre miHkksx O;; dh x.kuk djus osQ fy, miHkksDrk ifjokjksa rFkk futh xSj&ykHkdkjh laLFkkvksa dks
fVdkÅ miHkksx oLrqvksa] vèkZ&fVdkÅ miHkksx oLrqvksa rFkk uk'koku oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa dh tks vafre
fcØh dh tkrh gS] mldh oqQy ek=kk dks iqQVdj dherksa ls xq.kk dj fn;k tkrk gSA blesa ls
xSj&fuokfl;ksa }kjk ?kjsyw cktkj esa dh xbZ izR;{k [kjhn dks ?kVk fn;k tkrk gS vkSj fuoklh ifjokjksa }kjk
fons'kksa esa dh xbZ izR;{k [kjhn dks tksM+ fn;k tkrk gSA ifj.kkeh vkadM+s futh vafre miHkksx O;; osQ
cjkcj gksaxsA

Lo&miHkksx osQ fy, fd;k x;k mRiknu Hkh futh miHkksx O;; dk ,d Hkkx gksrk gSA Lo&miHkksx
osQ fy, mRiknu dh ek=kk dks mRiknd osQ iM+kslh cktkj esa izpfyr dherksa ls xq.kk djuk t:jh gSA blh
izdkj ekfydksa }kjk dkfc”k edkuksa (Owner Occupied Houses) dk vkjksfir fdjk;k Hkh ?kjsyw cktkj
osQ vafre miHkksx O;; esa 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gSA

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