Page 206 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_PUNJABI

smStI ArQSwsqr dy isDWq

È؇ dI mwqrw iesnUM ssriQq krdy hoey koSW dI mwqrw qO v`D huMdI sI[ holI-holI sPIiq dI ies Dwrxw nUM C`f id`qw
igAw Aqy sPIiq nUM aus siQqI dy rUp iv`c jixAw jwx lgw,ijs iv`c pRcln iv`c mudrw dI mwqrw aqpwdn
iv`c virDI dI qulnw iv`c qyjI nwl v`Dky inrMqr mu`l virDI dw kwrx bxdI sI[ kolborn (Coulbourn) dw
vI iehI Bwv hY, jdoN auh sPIiq nUM “ bhuq G`t vsquAW dy ip`Cy bhuq v`D mudrw” dy rUp iv`c pirBwiSq krdy
hn[ kymrr (Kemmerer) vI ieh ivcwr krdy hn ik sPIiq audoN ivDmwn hovygI , jdoN dyS iv`c mudrw dI
mwqrw vsquAW Aqy syvwvW dI Boiqk mwqrw qON v`D huMdI hY[ iesleI, pirmwx ivcwrDwrw dy Anuswr, mudrw
dI mwqrw mudrw dy mu`l iv`c kmI rwhIN mu`lW dI virDI dy leI auq`rdweI hY[ mudrw pirmwx isDWq qy AwDwirq
ieh pirBwSw pRXog ivc qdoN q`k jwrI rhI , jdoN 1930 dSk dI mhwn mMdI ny mudrw dy pir isDWq dIAW
sImWvW nUM adGwitq kr id`qw [ kynj (Keynes) dI kRWqI dy pirxwmsrUp ies pirBwSw nUM q`dnuswr bdl
id`qw igAw[ kIns dy smkwlIn ArQSwsqrI pIgU (Pigou) ny sPIiq nUM mudrw Awmdn dy bdlwvW dy sMbMD
iv`c pirBwiSq kIqw hY[ asdy ivcwr iv`c, jdoN mudrw Awmdn Arjn ikirAw qoN v`D Anupwq iv`c v`D rhI
huMdI hY, qW sPIiq bxI riMhMdI hY[
kIns ny sPIiq dI Dwrxw nUM pUrx rojgwr dI Gtnw nwl joV id`qw[ pIgu dy smwn, kIns ny sPIiq nUM mu`l p`Dr
dI virDI nwl sMbD kIqw hY, jo pUrx rojgwr dI siQqI dy bwAd Asiqqv iv`c AwaNdI hY[ ausdy Anuswr,
sPIiq dw sMbMD mu`l p`Dr iv`c aus virDI nwl hY jo pUrx rojgwr p`Dr pRwpq hox dy bwAd huMdI hY[ mu`l virDI
dI ies siQqI iv`c ,ArQivvsQw iv`c aqpwdn nhIN vDygw[
kIns ny ies sPIiq nUM aqpwdn iv`c virDI dy nwl hoeI mu`lW iv`c virDI qoN vK`rw smiJAw hY[ jykr iek
ArQivvsQw pUrx rozgwr p`Dr dy Q`ly kMm kr rhI huMdI hY, qW v`fI igxqI iv`c byrozgwr lok Aqy ApRXukq
sMswDn mojUd huMdy hn[ ies siQqI iv`c, mudrw dy ivsqwr dy pirxwm srUp mMg iv`c virDI pRxwlI iv`c n
kyvl mu`l p`Dr nUM , blik aqpwdn dI mwqrw nUM vI vDweygw[ mu`l p`Dr dI ies virDI nUM sMsPIiq (reflation)
jW AWiSk sPIiq dy vrg iv`c riKAw jWdw hY[ sMsPIiq dI siQqI iv`c mu`l holI Aqy siQr giq nwl v`Ddy
hn[ikaNik mu`lW dI virDI dw pRBwv aqpwdn dI virDI dy nwl Kqm ho jWdw hY[Awmqor qy ijnI v`D byrojgwrI
huMdI hY, mudrw pUriq iv`c virDI dw mu`lW dI ApySw aqpwdn nUM vDwauxw v`D sMBwvnIAw hY[

È؇√ kymrr dy muqwbk, sPIiq audoN ivDmwn hovygI , jdoN dyS iv`c mudrw dI mwqrw vsquAW
Aqy syvwvW dI Boiqk mwqrw qON v`D huMdI hY[

kynj dy Anuswr , pUrx rojgwr dI AvsQw q`k mu`lW dI SUruAwqI virDI dyS dy leI vWCnIey hY, ikauNik ies nwl
aqpwdn Aqy rojgwr iv`c virDI huMdI hY[ ieh ArQivvsQw nuMU mMdI dy gMBIr pirxWmw qoN muk`q krdI hY[ieh
srkwr rwhIN ley gey suivcwirq pRiq ApsPIiqkwrI apwvW (deliberate anti-deflationary measures) rwhIN
sMBv hY, jdoN mu`l if`gky inXUMqm sImW qy phMuc jWdy hn[sMBv hY, pUrx rojgwr p`Dr dy bwd mu`lW iv`c virDI
ArQivvsQw dy leI cMgI nW hovy , ikauNik aqpwdn Aqy rojgwr iv`c koeI AnurUp virDI nhIN huMdI[ ieh
iDAwn dycw mh`qvpUrx hY ik sPIiq Sbd Bwrq vrgI iek Alpivkisq ArQivvsQw dy leI pRXukq ho skdw
hY , ijQy mu`lW dI sPIiq kwrI virDI dy nwl mnu`KW Aqy sMsWDnW dI byrozgwrI ivDmwn huMdI hY [ ieh pUMjI,
jmIn, qMqr (machinery), mulBuq FWcy (infrastructure) dI sIimq mwqrw Aqy qknIkI jwxkwrI dy ABwv
Awid AVcxW dy hox dy kwrx huMdw hY[ iehnW AVcxW dy kwrx, sMBv hY, iek inSicq AvsQw dy pry mu`l p`Dr
iv`c virDI aqpwdn iv`c viriD ƒ pRyirq n kry. hwlWik dyS nyy purx rojgwr dI AvsQw pRwpq n kIqI hovy[
ieh iDAwn dyx dI g`l hY ik ‘sPIiq’ Sbd dw Bwrq vrgy ivkwsSIl dyS dy leI pRXog kIqw jw skdw hY, ijvy
mu`ilAW dI sPIiqkwrI viriD dy nwl mnuK Aqy pdwrQW dI byrojgwrI ivDmwn huMdI hY[ tykstwiel, tykstwiel
mSIn, iespwq, twier, tRyktr, ivAwpwirk g`fI, Awm AiBXMwqirkI (General engineering), Awid aDog

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