Page 208 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_PUNJABI

smStI ArQSwsqr dy isDWq

È؇ 1. sPIiq dI dr dy AwDwr qy (On Basis of Rate of Inflation)
mu`l virDI dI pRblqw dy AwDwr qy, sPIiq nUM iqMn pRkwrW iv`c vrgIkrq kIqw jw skdw hY, Bwv (k) ryNgdI
hoeI sPIiq, (K) doVdI hoeI sPIiq Aqy (g) Aiq sPIiq[
(k) ryNgdI hoeI sPIiq (Creeping Inflation) – SPIiq dI SuruAwqI AvwsQw iv`c, mu`l bhuq G`t dr qy v`Ddy
hn[ mudrw dI ies mMd dr ƒ ryNgdI hoeI sPIiq mwinAw jw skdw hY[ Pyr vI iesdw pirmwx dsxw muskl
hY, kuJ ArQSwSqirAW ny 3 pRiqSq hr swl q`k dI sPIiq ƒ ryNgdI hoeI sPIiq dy rup iv`c d`isAw hY[ bhuq
ArQSwSqirAW dy muqwbk, mu`l p`Dr iv`c mMd viriD AwriQk viriD dy leI jrUrI siQiq hY[ holI dr nwl
v`Ddy hoey mu`l invyS dy leI pRyrxw pRdwn kr skdy hY[ ieh ArQ-ivvsQw ƒ pRgiqroD jwl (stagnation
trap) iv`c ifgx qo bcw dyvygy[
(K) doVdI hoeI sPIiq (Running Inflation) - jykr mMd ryNgdI hoeI sPIiq ƒ lMmy smy q`k AinXNqirq rihx
idqw jwvy, qW mu`l p`Dr iv`c viriD smy dy nwl v`D m`hqvpurx Aqy fr vwlI (more marked and alarming)
bx jWdI hY[ ieh doVdI hoeI sPIiq dw svrup Dwrx kr lYdI hY[ ieho ijhI AvsQw iv`c, mu`l lgBg 8 qo 10
pRiqSq hr swl ijvy qyj dr nwl v`Ddy hn[doVdI hoeI sPIiq iek cyqwvnI sMkyq (warning signal) hY[ ies
AvsQw ivc sPIiqkwrI pRivriqAW (inflationary tendencies) ƒ rokx dy leI audy idqy hoey loxmMd aupwA
jrUrI hn[ jykr smy qy ieh kdm n cky jwx, qW doVdI hoeI sPIiq bcq Smqw Aqy ies qrW lMmy smy invyS
kmkwj iv`c kMmI rwhI ArQ-ivvsQw aunmuln kr skdI hY[
(g) Aiq sPIiq (Hyper Inflation) – jd modirk pRwiDkwrI doVdI hoeI sPIiq qy inXMqrx Ko bYTdy hn qW
ieh Aiq sPIiq dw pirxwm hodI hY[ ies sPIiq dI AwKrI AvsQw hY, ijQy mu`l p`Dr v`D skx dI koeI sImw
nhI hMudI[ ies AvsQw iv`c, mu`l v`d qyj dr nwl v`Ddy hn[ ies qrW dI sPiq ƒ srpt jW ClWg sPIiq
vI ikhw jwdW hY[
Aiq sPIiq iv`c, lok m`ulW dy hor v`Dx dI kmnW krdy hY, iesleI, auh sPIiq (conscious) dy Anjwn bx
jWdy hn, Aqy mudrw ƒ bhuq qyjdr nwl Krc krdy hn, ijdy nwl pRcln vyg v`D jwdW hY[ ikauik lok bcq
dI lwgq qy apBog qy Krc krdy hn, iesleI bcq qo auDwr (rwiS) Aiq sPIiq dw inXMqrx krx dy leI
jrUrI gYr-sPIiqkwrI sroqW dI purqI krx iv`c AsPl rihdW hY[ srkwr ƒ G`wty dI ivq ivvsQw (deficit
financing) dw shwrw lYxw pYdW hY, jyVw Pyr sPIiqkwrI hY[
Aiq sPIiq qON hr kImq qy b`c ky rihxw cwihdw hY[ ieh AwriQK pRikirAw iv`c ivSwl ivkwr pYdw krdI
hY[ ieh vrqmwn swmwijk Aqy AwriQk pRikirAw dI AslI aq`rjIvqw (Very survival) nUM sMkt iv`c vI pw
skdI hY, ijs nwl AinAwX Aqy AsMqoS dw ivAwpk AnuBv pYdw huMdw hY[
AiqsPIiq dw sbqoN burw rUp AMqrXu`D dy kwlW iv`c dyiKAW igAw sI[ mu`l virDI fgmgw rhI sI, jdoN q`k
ieh XuD pUrv p~Dr dI d`s l~K guxw nhI ho geI[ rwq-rwq iv`c Awmdn Aqy sMpiq dy swry rUpW ny Awpxw mu`l
Koh idqw[ ies sPIiq ny jrmnI iv`c hjWrW Aqy l`KW lokW nMU brbwd kr id`qw, ieQoNq`k ik jrmn dy miDAm
vrg dw vI siqAwnwS kr id`qw[

2. inXMqrx dI mwqrw dy AwDwr qyy (On Basis of Degree of Control)
inXMqrx dI mwqrw dy AwDwr qy, SPIiq ƒ KuLI Aqy dimq sPIiq iv`c vifAw jw skdwg hY[
(k) KulI sPIiq (Open Inflation) – SPIiq ƒ Kulw ikhw jwdW hY, jd mu`l ibn iksy AvroD (rok) Aqy inXMqrx
qo lgwqwr v`Ddy hY[ imltn PRIfmYn (Milton Friedman) dy sbdW iv`c, ieh “iek sPIiqkwrI qrIkw hY,
ijdy iv`c srkwrI mu`l inXMqrx Aqy imldI – juldI qknIkW rwhI ibnw roky, mu`l ƒ v`Dw idqw jwdW hY[” ieh
AwKwr iv`c AiqsPIiq iv`c Kqm ho jWdI hY[ ey. sI. Al. fy (A.C.L. Dey) dy muqwbk, KulI sPIiq kuJ ieho
ijhy bdlwvW qo SUru hoMdI hY, ijQy vrqmwn mu`l qy aplbD ho skx vwlI sMpurx mMg ƒ sMquSt krxw AsMBv
bxwky SuruAwqI mu`l viriD dw pirxwm huMdI hY[mulW iv`c Aqy viriD sodybwjo dI pRiqkirAWvW qo pRyirq huMdI hY[
(K) dimq sPIiq (Suppressed Inflation) - ies qrW dI sPIiq dy iv`c, jykr mu`l p`Dr dy v`Dx dI siQiQAW
huMdI hY, pr mu`l inXMqrx Aqy inXMqirq ivqrx (rationing) vrgI srkwrI nIiqAW dy pRXog rwhI mu`l p`Dr

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