Page 213 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_PUNJABI

iekweI-22: sPIiq

v`Ddy hn[ jdo q`k lokw dy kol pRXojX Awmdn dI mwqrw auhnW dy kol (pweI) vsquAW dI mwqrw qo v`D huMdI È؇
hY, sPIoiq kwl pyS hovygw[
sPIiqkwrI AMqrwl srkwr rwhI hor Krc dy kwrx pYdw huMdw hY[ XuD dy dorwx Aqy AwriQk ivkws dy smy dy
dorwx sPIiqkwrI AMqrwl ƒ dur krx dy leI srkwrI Krc iv`c kMmI vWCnIX nhI hY[ sPIiqkwrI AMqrwl ƒ
(ies qrW) purw kIqw jw skdw hY –
(i) pRBwvpurx mMg ƒ G`t krx dy leI smwj rwhI ApxI Kud dI bcq iv`c viriD;
(ii) C + I ƒ srkwrI Krc ƒ viriD dy brwbr rwSI ƒ G`t krx dy leI, kr pRxwlI dw pRXog krky lokW dy
kol ijAwdwqr Krc Skiq dw sPwieAw krxw;
(iii) ijAwdwqr mMg ƒ purw krx dy leI vsquAW Aqy syvwvW dy aqpwdn ƒ v`Dwxw, jykr ApRXukq sMswDnW
iv`c kMmI dy kwrx ieQy QoVI guMjwieS hY[

22.4 sPIiq dy pRBwv (Effects of Inflation)

ijAwdwqr ArQSwSqirAW dw mq hY ik mMd sPIiq n kyvl vWCnIX hY, blik AwriQk viriD dy leI iek
jrUrI Srq vI hY[ ieh ivSyS rup nwl Bwrq vwrgy Aivkisq dySW dy leI s`c hY, ieQy mnu`K Skiq byrojgwr
hY Aqy sMswDnW ƒ iekTI krx ivc mdd dYdI hY, jyVI hor ikqy hwjr nhI hovygI[ jdo sPIiq PtwPt doVdI
hY Aqy Aiq sPIiq dw rup Dwrx kr lYdI hY, qW purI ArQ-ivvsQw ibgV jWdI hY[ ieho ijhI siQiq iv`c,
Xojnw pRxwlI Asq-ivXsq ho jWdI hY Aqy AwriQk ivkws dI pRkirAw ruk jWdI skdI hY[ sPIiq dy pRBwvW
ƒ iqn SIrSkW iv`c AiDAn kIqw jw skdw hY[

1. aqpwdn Aqy AwriQk kirAwvW qy pRBwv (Effects on Production and Economic Activities)
ryNgdI hoeI qrW dI sPIiq dw aqpwdn, rojgwr Aqy ies qrW dI AriQk kirAwvW qy Skiq vrDn pRBwv ho
skdw hY[ mMg iv`c kMmI qo pIiVq ArQ-ivvsQw dy leI v`Dy hoey Krc qo aqpwdn ƒ v`Dwx Aqy rojgwr pYdw
krx dy leI auDogW dy pihey cMgI qrW icknwey huMdy hn[ mu`lW dy v`Dwx dy kwrx v`DI hoeI lwB mwqrwvW PrmW ƒ
Aqy invyS krx dy leI pRirq krdy hn, ijdy kwrx bykwr mn`uK Skiq Aqy pRXog n hox vwly swDnW ƒ rojgwr
iml skdw hY[ iehdy pirxwmsvrup v`D Awmdn pYdw hovygI, ijdy nwl mNg iv`c viriD pRirq hovygI[ iksy vI
siQiq iv`c G`t qo G`t Suru Suru iv`c siQr Awmdn vrg dy lokW dy nukswn SyS SmudweI dy lwBW qo G`t hodI hY[
SrimkW dw rojgwr auhnW ƒ byhqr vI bxw skdw hY[
smy dy nwl, jdo sPIiq iksy sImw qo bwhr clI jWdI hY qW AwriQr pRxwlI iv`c AivvsQw (Chaos) pYdw kr
dydI hY[ ieh aoqpwdn iv`c kMmI Aqy byrojgwrI iv`c viriD dw pirxwm bx skdI hY, ikauik Bw`ivK iv`c v`D
lwB kmwx dy leI, PrmW aqpwdn krx dI bjwey sMcX krxw lwBpRd smJdI hY[ aun mjdurW dI ktu Srimk
hxqwlW dy kwrx aqpwdn aqpwdn iv`c rukwvt vI Aw skdI hY, ijnW dI vwsqivk Awmdn sPIiq kwl qo
ifg geI sI[ k`Dy-k`Dy ijAwdw lwB pRwpq krx dy leI aqpwdn aqpwidq vsquAW Aqy syvwvW dI guxvqw
vI ifgw skdy hn[
2. Awmdn ivqrx qy pRBwv (Effects on Distribution of Income)

sPIiq smwj dy swry vrgW ƒ smwn rup nwl pRBwivq nhI krdI[ kuJ lok sPIiq qo lwB pRwpq krdy hn, hor
lokW ƒ nukswn phujdW hY, lokW ƒ ikny bury qirky nwl nukswn phujdW hY, (ieh) Awmdn Aqy sPIiq dI (aus)
rwiS qy inrBr krdw hY, jyVI sPIiq auhnW kolo iCn lyqI jWdI hY[ jykr swry mu`l aus idSw vl Aqy ausI idSw
vl vDy huMdy, (qW) sPIiq dy pRBwvW qy iDAwn nhI idqw hMudw[ jykr vsquAW Aqy syvwvW dy mu`l iv`c viriD,
ijvy 20 pRiqSq, ƒ mjdUirAW, ikrwieAw, lwB, Awid, iv`c Awnupwiqk viriD rwhI brwbr kr idqw jwdW hY,
qW lokW dI KrId Skiq Aqy iesleI jIvnp`Dr ApRBwivq rihdw[ ivvhwr iv`c, swry mu`l iek hI dr nwl
pirbriqq nhI huMdy[ iesleI, sPIiq kuJ |(lokW) ƒ lwB Aqy horW (lokW) ƒ nukswn phuMcwdI hY[ smwj dy
iBn vrgW iv`c sPIiq dy pRBwvW ƒ hux smiJAW jw skdw hY[
(k) aqpwdk (Producers) – ieQy aqpwdkW dy vrg, iv`c inrmwqW,ivAwpwrI Aqy ikswn Smwl huMdy hn[

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