Page 210 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_PUNJABI

smStI ArQSwsqr dy isDWq

È؇ iv`c viriD hox nwl swmuihk mMg vkr D qo D , D , D Aqy D ay`qy dI Aor iKskdw hY[ mul p`Dr OP qo
1 2 3 4 5 1
OP , OP , OP Aqy OP v`d jwdW hY[ ieh vyiKAw jwdW hY ik SuruAwq iv`c mu`l Aqy aupwdn dovy v`Ddy hn[
2 3 4 5
iek vwr swmuihk purqI v`kr dy C ibMdu qy purx rojgwr p`Dr pRwpq hox qy, swmuihk mMg iv`c D Aqy D q`k
5
4
Aqy viriD kyvl mu`l p`Dr qo v`dygI[ iesƒ mMg pRyirq sPIiq dy rup iv`c jWixAw jwdW hY[ mMg p`K SPIiqkwrI
dbwv dy leI iBn kwrk aqrdweI hn[
sPIiq dw mu`K srOq mudrw dI mwqrw iv`c virDI hY[ mMg jmWvW
iv`c virDI Aqy bYNkW rwhIN swK dy ivsqwr dy pirxwm srUp mudrw
dI mwqrw iv`c virDI huMdI hY, ijs nwl Awmdn dw pD`r v`D jWdw
hY[ (pRXojAw) Awmdn iv`c virDI apBog Krc iv`c virDI pYdw
krdI hY[ ieho ijhI virDI vsquAW dw mu`l vD`WdI hY[ mudrw puriq
adoN vI v`D skdI hY, jdoN srkwr kyNdrI bYNk Aqy vwixqXw bYNkW
qoN aDwr rwhIN Awpxy AwriQk ivkws XojnWvW dI iv`q ivvsQw dy
leI Gwty dI iv`q ivvsQw (deficit financing) dw shwrw lYNdI hY[
smuihk mMg iv`c ivsqwr qyjI nwl vD`dy hoey injI vpwirk KricAW
Aqy Xu`D jW AwriQk ivkws dy leI v`Ddy hoey srkwrI Krc dy pirxwm
srUp ho skdw hY[ bhuq BwrI Krc vwsqivk aqpwdn dI pUriq iv`c
AnukUl virDI dy ibnW ivSwl mudrw Awmdn Aqy ies qrW mMg pYdw icqr 22.1
krxgy[ ieh s`pSt suBwv iv`c sPIiqkwrI hY[ dujy ivSv Xu`D dy dorwn, ABUqpUrv pYmwny (unprecedented scale)
qy srkwrI Krc vD`x dy kwrx, ivSv dy lgBg swry dySW nUM mMg pRyirq sPIiq dw swmxw krxw ipAw[
iesdy Alwvw v`DI hoeI mMg dy leI GrylU vsquAW Aqy syvWvw qy ivdySI Krc iek hor a`qrdweI kwrk hY[ ieh
kwrk as dyS dy leI mhq`vpUrx hY, jo inrXwq bkwieAw (Export Surplus) bxweI rKdw hY[ pr, jykr
pYdw kIqI Awmdn AwXwqW qy pRXukq huMdI hY jW sMicq kr leI jWdI hY, qW iesdw ArQivvsQw qy sPIiqkwrI
pRBwv nhIN hovygw[
(|) lwgqjinAw sPIiq (Cost Push Inflation) – lwgqjinAw
sPIiq audoN pYdw huMdI hY, jdoN k`cy mwl, m`DvrqI vsquAW dy mu`lW
Aqy mjdUirAW iv`c virDI dy kwrx aDXog dI aqpwdn lwgqW
v`D jWdIAW hn[ iesdy kwrx apBokqw vsquAW dy mu`lW iv`c
virDI hovygI[ jdoN aqpwdn lwgq v`DdI hY, qW smuihk pUriq
vkr, ieh idKWdy hoey ik pRcilq mu`lW qy G`t mwqrw dI pUriq
huMdI hY, K`by pwsy iKsk igAw hY[ pUriq vkrW dw S qo S , S
1 2 3
Aqy S qy Q`ly iKskwv icq`r 22.2 iv`c pRdriSq kIqw igAw
4
hY[ swmuihk mMg vkr nUM siQr mMndy hoey, pUriq iv`c kmI mu`l
pD`r nUM kRmS OP qo OP , OP Aqy OP au`qy vwly pwsy nUM auTw
1 2 3 4
idMdI hY[ lwgqW iv`c auqy v`l giq (upward movement) dy
leI Anyk kwrk aq`rdweI hn[ icqr 22.2
(i) aucI mjdUrI drW (Higher Wage Rates) - SkiqSwlI vpwr sMGW (trade unions) dy ivkws dy
nwl, mjdUr sPlqwpUrk Apxy leI aucIAW mjdUirAW hwisl kr lYNdy hn[ ieh mjdUirAW auhnW dI
aqpwdkqw iv`c virDI qoN vI v`D ho skdIAW hn[ j`d PrmW nUM pqw lgdw hY ik auhnW dI mjdUrI lwgq
v`D rhI hY, qW auh aucI lwgq nUM bcwaux leI mu`l v`Dw idMdI hY[ vsquAW dy mu`lW iv`c virDI inrvwh
dI aucI lwgq (higher cost of living) Aqy vwsqivk mjdUirAW iv`c kmI pRyirq krdI hY[ ies kmI
nUM inSpRBwivq (neutralize) krx dy leI mjdUr AwpxI mjdUirAW ivc hor virDI dI mMg krdy hn[
iksy vI siQqI ivc mu`lW dI virDI dw AMiqm Bwr apBogqw nUM hI vihn krnw pYNdw hY[ mjdUrI drW ivc
virDI PlsrUp Aqy mu`lW ivc virDI dw islislw ArQivvsQw ivc sPIiqkwrI dbwA ( mjdUrI –mu`l-

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