Page 209 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_PUNJABI

iekweI-22: sPIiq

ƒ v`Dx nhI idqw jwdW[ kuJ AsDwrx siQiqAW, ijvy Bw`ivK dy leI koeI sPIiqkwrI dbwv nhI bx irhw È؇
huMdw, ƒ C`fky ijvy hI inXMqrx aupwA ck ilqw jwdW hY, m`l v`D jwdW hY[ dimq sPIiq dy do Bwv hn, XwnI
aupBogqw Krc dI QW Aqy mMg dw ivcln[
jdo mojUdw mu`l viriD ƒ rokx dy leI nIiqAW bxweI jWdI hY, qW dimq sPIiq apBog Krc iv`c sQgn pyRirq
krdI hY[ XuDkwl dy dorwx, mu`l viriD dy pRiqkul pRBwvW ƒ twlx dy leI srkwr ivqrx inXMqrx Aqy hor
inXMqrx dw shwrw lYdI hY[ Plsvrup, apBokqw Aqy Prm bcqW iekTI krdI hY, ikauik ieh aun vsquAW ƒ
KrIdx iv`c AsmrQ hY, ijnW ƒ auh vrqmwn mulW Aqy Awmdn p`DrW qy cwauNdy hn[ sodybwjo dI mMg (pent
up demand) auh vWiCq vsquAW Aqy syvwvW ƒ KrIdx nwl purw huMdI hY, jdo vI auh pyS huMdI hY[ inXMqrx
dw lMmw smy (pent up) mMg ƒ ienW v`D v`Dw iddW hY ik inXMqrx ApRBwvI (ineffective) ho jwdW hY Aqy kwlw
bwjwr (black market) pYdw huMdw hY[ iesleI cimq sPIiq dy iv`ckwl, mu`l AsQweI rup qy v`Dx qo roky jWdy
hn, jykr mu`lW ƒ auqy c`kI geI jvwlwmuKI SkiqAW mojud huMdI hY[ ieh iksy vI Sx Pt skdI hY, jykr auhnW
ƒ ievyjw krx dw mokw imldw hY ijsdw pirxwm KulI Aiq sPIiq huMdI hY[
dimq sPIiq dy kwrx iek qrW dI vsquAW nwl dujy qrW dI vsquAW dy mMg dw ivcln vI ho skdw hY[ ikauik
hr vsqu dw rwSn Aqy inXMqrx krx sMBv hhI hY, iesleI bcq ikqI geI v`D qo v`d mudrw AinXMqirq
Aqy gYr-rwSnvwlI vsquAW qy Krc ho skdI hY[ kuJ siQiqAW iv`c, ieh Krc ƒ aun mMgW ƒ vI ivcilq kr
skdw hY jynwƒ AnuqpwdI smJy (unproductive) jWdy hn[
dimq sPIiq dy Anyk Kqry hn, pwihlW, ieh pRSwsink smiSAwvW pYdW krdI hY, ivSyS rup iv`c jd pRSwsn
AXog Aqy BrST huMdw hY, ijdy pirxwmsvrup kwlw bwjwrI (black marketing) huMdI hY[ dujW, ieh dyS dy
aqpwdk sMswDnW dw siQr mu`l dI jrUrI vsquAW bnwx vwly aDogW qo ibnW mqlb dI vsquAW bnwx vwly
aDog (ijnW dy mu`l inXMqirq nhI kIqy jWdy), iv`c ibnw iksy Bwv dw ivcln pRirq krdw hY[ AwKwr iv`c,
inXMqrx Pursq (leisure) dy AwkrSx ƒ v`Ddy hn[ jd koeI ivAwkqI ApxI vrqmwx Awmdn iv`c aun
swirAW vsquAW ƒ mukq rup iv`c KrId nhI skdw, ijnW ƒ auh KrIdxw cwaudw hY, qW iehdy aqpwdn iv`c
kMmI Aqy sPIiq pYdw huMdI hY[

3. kwrxW dy AwDwr qy (On Basis of Causes)
kwrxW dy AwDwr qy sPIiq pMj qrW dI hY[
(k) Kws sPIiq (Credit Inflation) – bYNk gwhk dy pRwQimk jmwvW (primary deposits) Aqy bYNk rwhI idqy
gey krj Aqy auDwr (Loans and Advances) qo pYdw hox vwlI vXuqpn jmwvW (derivative deposits) dy
AwDwr qy swK sirjn krdy hY[ aqpwdn iv`c viriD qo ibnw swK mudrw dw ivsqwr mudrw purqI krky swK
SPIiq pYdw krdI hY[
(K) cl mudrw sPIiq (Currency Inflation) – cl mudrw dy v`D qo v`D pRvwh qo pYdw hox vwlI SPIiq cl
mudrw sPIiq khlWdI hY[ ieh qd pweI jWdI hY, jd vsquAW ƒ KrIdx dy leI Anukul inAwXsMgq mMg dy
ibnW srkwrI v`D cl mudrw jwrI krdI hY[
(g) G`tw pRyirq sPIiq (Deficit Induced Inflation) – jdo srkwr dw Krc iehdI Awgm qo v`D huMdw hY, qW
ieh AMqr G`wty dI ivq ivvsQw qo BirAW jwdW hY[ iehdy nwl mudrw purqI iv`c viriD pYdw hovygI, cwhy ies
audyS dy leI kuJ vI qknIk ApnweI jwvy[ mu`lW iv`c viriD dw pirxwm hox vwlI ies qrW dI sPIiq bjt
sPIiq khlWdI hY[
(G) mMg pyRirq sPIiq (Demand Pull Inflation) – SPIiq dw sbdo Awm Aqy m`hqvpurx kwrx siQr Aqy
G`t qyjI nwl v`DdI hoeI vsquAw Aqy syvwvW dy auqy sdw v`Dx vwlI mMg dw dbwv hY[ purqI siQr hox qy,
swmuihk mMg iv`c viriD mu`ilAW ƒ auqy ƒ c`k dyvygI[ mMg p@yirq sPIiq qd pYdw huMdI hY, jd vrqmwn muilAW
qy aplbD purqI dI bjwey ijAwjdwqr mMg huMdI hY[ ieh icqr 22.1 iv`c spSt kIqw igAw hY [ ieQy X –
AkS Awmdn Aqy aqpwdn ƒ ivKwaudw hY, jdik Y – AkS mu`l p`Dr ƒ mwpdw hY[ swmuihk purqI vkr s`jy
pwsy auqy dI Aor v`Ddw hY, jd q`k ieh purx rojgwr p`Dr qy OF aqpwdn dw lMbvq nhI ho jwdW, ikauik mMg

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