Page 233 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_PUNJABI

iekweI-24: ivAwpwr ckr : pirBwSw Aqy iksm

mMdI (Depression) È؇
jdoN AwriQk ikirAw ivc ivAwpk hRws huMdw hY qW susqI, mMdI ivc ivlIn ho jWdI hY[ vsquAW Aqy syvWvW dy
aqpwdn, rojgwr, Awmdn, mMg Aqy kImqW ivc pRXwpq kmI ho jWdI hY[ AwriQk ikirAw ivc ivAwpk hRws
dy pirxwm srUp bYNk jmw if`g jWdI hY, swK ivsqwr rUk jWdw hY ikaNik vpwrI lok aDwr lYx nUM iqAwr nhIN
huMdy[ bYNk dr bhuq if`g jWdI hY[ pRo. esty (Estey) dy Anuswr, “ skirXy kRyA-SkqI dw ieh if`gxw kImqW
ivc G`t hox dI AwDwrBUq pRSTBUim hY, jo aqpwdn dy Awm (ivAwpk) hRws dy bwvjud mMdI nUM lkS krdI hY”[
ies qrW , mMdI nUM iviSStqw pRdwn krx vwly q`q ieh hn-swmuihk byrojgwrI, kImqW, lwBW, mjdUrI, ibAwj
dr, apBog, Krc, invyS, bYNk jmw Aqy krijAW ivc Awm pqn; PYktirAW bMd ho jWdIAW hn; Aqy sb pRkwr
sw inrmwx- pUMjIgq vsquAW Aqy Bvn Awid dw-iekdm rUk jWdw hY[ ieh SkiqAW sMcXI Aqy AwqmsmrQk
hn Aqy ArQivvsQw grq ivc phuMc jWdI hY[
ho skdw hY mMdI jW gq AlpjIvI hovy ieh vI ho skdw hY ik auh pRXwpq smyN ql qy hI rhy[ pr kdy nw kdy
sImwkwrI (limiting) SkiqAW giq ivc Aw jWdIAW hn, jo sMkucn AvsQw dw AMq krx lgidAW hn Aqy
punruQwn dw mwrg pRSsq krdIAW hn[ ies qrW c`kr pUrx hoo jWdw hY[

’∆ Âπ√ƒ ‹≈‰Á∂ ‘Ø ijvy ijvy smy vIqdw hY, auvy-auvy aqpwdn G`t locdwr huMdw hY[

24.3 ivAwpwr-ckr sMbDI isDWq (Theories of Business Cycle)

ahnW Anyk swDnW Aqy pirsiQiqAW dy kwrx, jo ckirX aqwr- cVwv dy mUl ivc inihq rihMdy hn, vpwr-
ck`r dw ivvhwr inrDwirq krnw kiTx hY[ ahnW nUM spSt krx dy pRXqnW dy pirxwm srUp Anyk isDWq
swmxy Awey hn[ kuJ qW bwhrI kwrxW nUM Aqy dujy AMdruxI kwrxW nUM ckrW dy leI aq`rdweI mMndy hn[ kuJ
ArQSwsqI qW vpwr-ck`r isDWqW dw mudrw Aqy gYr-mudrw isDWqW ivc vrgIkrx krdy hn, jdik dujy ahnW
nUM vwsqivk, mnoivigAwink, modirk Aqy ahnW isDWqW ivc, jo Krc, bcq Aqy invyS ivc sMbMD rKdy hn,
ivBkq krdy hn[ pr AsIN Agly do AiDAwieAW ivc ck`rW dy iMqMn AwDuink mhq`vpUrx mwflW- sYmXulsn
mwfl, ihks mwfl Aqy kwlfr mwfl dI crcw krWgy[

√ÚÀ ÓπÒª’‰ (Self Assessment)

bhuivklpIAw pRSn (Multiple Choice Questions):
3. ivAwpwr ckr puNjIvwdI ArQ-ivvsQw dw hY -
(a) AMg (A) pRqXMg
(e) iqAwg (s) ivSW

4. iBn ArQSwSqirAW ny ‘ivAwpwr ckr’ ƒ ivivD rupW iv`c kIhw hY -
(a) adGwitq (A) pirBwiSq
(e) sMBwisq (s) iedy iv`co koeI nhI[
5. pwScwqX ArQSwSqrI ies nwiqjy qy puMjy hn ik juglr ckr dI AviD Aosqn huMdI hY-
(a) swfy no swl (A) swfy s`q swl
(e) swfy bwrh swl (s) swfy pMj swl[

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