Page 24 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_PUNJABI

smStI ArQSwsqr dy isDWq

È؇ 2.2 rwstrI Awmdn dI mwp (Measurement of National Income)

iek dyS dI rwStrI Awmdn Aqy rwStrI aqpwd ƒ iqn Alg Alg p`DrW iv`c mwipAw jw skdw hY[
(1) aqpwd p`Dr (Production Level) (2) Awmdn Aqy ivqrx p`Dr (Income or Distribution Level) (3)
Krc p`Dr (Expenditure Level)[ ieho ijhw Awmdn dy ckirAw pRvwh dy kwrx hudw hY, ijvy vsquAw Aqy
syvwvW dw aqpwdn, aqpwdn dy swDwnW dy mwilk dI Awmdn Aqy AwKwrI vsquAW Aqy syvwvW dI KrId qy
ikqw jwx vwlw Awmdn dw Krc[
Awmdn dy ckrIAw pRvwA dy iqn phluAw dy Anurup rwstrI Awmdn ƒ mwpx dI qknIk ƒ Awm qor qy rwStrI
Awmdn ƒ mwpx dI iviDAw ikhw jwdw hY[ jyVy ik ies qrw hY-

1. aqpwd Aqy mu`l virDI ivDI (Product or Value Added Method)
2. Awmdn ivDI (Income Method)
3. Krc krx dI ivDI (Expenditure Method)
(1) aqpwd ivDI Aqy mu`l virDI ivDI (Product Method or Value Added Method)

aqpwd ivDI (Product Method) – iehƒ mu`l virDI ivDI (Value Added Method), ADoigk adgm ivDI
(Industrial Origin Method) Aqy SuD aqpwd ivDI (Net output Method) vI ikhw jwdw hY[
ies ivDI dy muqbwk, iek ArQ-ivvsQw iv`c iek lyKw swl iv`c aqpwidq AiqMm vsquAw Aqy syvwvW dy bwjwr
mu`l ƒ joVkr rwStrI Awmdn dw Anumwx lgAw jWdw hY[ ijQy iqkr iek aQm dw sMbND hY, auh ApxI ivkrI
ƒ AiqMm ivkrI mwndw hY[ adwhrx dy qor qy iek ikswn iek tn kx`k dw aqpwdn krdw hY Aqy iehƒ 400
rupy iv`c bwjwr c Awtw iml ƒ ivkrI krdw hY[ ijQy iqkr ikswn dw sMbD hY auhdy leI kx`k dI ivkrI AiqMm
ivkrI hY Aqy auh asdy bdly c 400 rupy pRwpq krdw hY[ pr Awtw iml dy leI ilqI geI kx`k iek mDvrqI
vwsqu hY[ iml vwlw iehƒ mYdy iv`c bdl ky bykrI vwly ƒ 600 rupy iv`c ivkrI iddW hY[ Awtw iml dy leI
mYdw iek AiqMm aqpwd hY pr bykrI vwlw iehƒ iek mdvrqI mwnygw Aqy ausdw pRXog auh fblrotI bnx dy
leI krygw[ bykrI vwlw fblrotI ƒ dukwxvwly ƒ 800 rpy iv` ivkrIdw hY[ bykrI vwly leI fblrotI AiqMm
vsqu hY pr dukwxvwly leI ieh mDvrqI vsqu hY [ dukwxvwlw fblrotI ƒ 900 iv` rpy AiqMm apBogqwvW ƒ
ivkrI iddW hY[ ijQy iqkr ikswn, Awtw iml, bykrI vwlw Aqy dukwxvwly dw pRSn hY, koeI ivAwkqI AiqMm
aqpwn dw AnUmwx lgwx leI 400 rupy, 600 rupy, Aqy 900 rupy dw joq krygw[ jyVy 2700 rupy Awxgy[ pr
ArQ-ivvsQw iv`c ies FMg nwl GDP Aqy kul aqpwdn dw Anumwn nhI lgwAw jwdW[ aqpwdn dy auqy ilKy
AnumwnW, iek aqpwdk / Prm dy aqpwdn dw mul dujy aqpwdk dy aqpwn mu`l my pirvriqq (Reflected)
huMdw hY[ ikaik iek dw aqpwd dujy dy Awgq (Input) dy rup iv`c pRXog huMdw hY[ ies qrw mYdy dy mu`l iv` kx`k
dy mu`l swiml hudw hY Aqy fblrotI dy mu`l iv`c mYdw dw[ 2700 rupy ƒ kul aqpwdn mu`l iv`c 1800 rupy mu`l dI
vsquAw dw pRXog mDvrqI vsquAW Aqy mDvrqI apBog dy rup iv`c ikqw jwdW hY[ AiqMm vsqu dw mu`l isrP
900 rupy hY ijhƒ fblrotI dy mu`l dy rup iv`c AiqMm apBokqw ƒ ivkrI idqw jwdw hY[ mDvrqI vsquAw dy
mu`l ƒ AiqMm aqpwdn dy mu`l ivc Pyr qo swiml krx iv`c AsI dohrI gxnw (Double Counting) dI glqI
krdy hY, iehƒ ivkrIxw jrUrI hY[

dohrI gxnw dI smisAw (Problem of Double Counting)
rwStrI aqpwd dy Anumwx iv`c jdo iek vsqu dy mu`l dI gxnw iek qo ijAwdw vwr huMdI hY qW iehƒ dohrI
gxnw (Double Counting) dI glqI ikhw jwdW hY[iesleI iesdy kwrx dyS iv`c skl GrylU aqpwn (GDP)
iv`c n cwaudy hoey viriD ho jWdI hY[ auqy ilKy hoey adwhrx iv`c GDP dy Anumwx iv`c kx`k dw mu`l cwr vwrI
joiVAw igAw hY[phlI vwr jd iesdw aqpwdn ikswn rwhI ikqw jwdW hY, dujI vwr jd iehƒ mYdw iv`c bdl
idqw jwdw hY iqjI vwr jd iehƒ fblrotI iv`c bdl idqw jwdw hY Aqy coQI vwr jd iehƒ apBogqwvW ƒ
byicAw jwdW hY qd fblrotI dy rup iv`c kx`k iek AiqMm vsqu bndI hY[ auhqo pihlW ieh iek aqpwdk qo
dujy aqpwdk iqkr mDvrqI vsqu dy rup iv`c G`umdI hY ijhdw kMm aqpwdn pRkirAw dy iv`c mDvrqI apBog

18 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY