Page 25 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_PUNJABI

iekweI–2: rwStrI Awmdn : rwStrI Awmdn dI Dwrxw

(Intermediate Consumption) huMdw hY[ dohrI gxnw qd hUMdI hY jd auh vsquAW dw ijhVI hux iqkr mDvrqI È؇
vsquAw dy rup iv`c pRXog leI jw rhI sI, GDP dy Anumwx iv`c swml kr ilqw jwdw hY[
dohrI grxw dI smisAw dy smwQwn dy dO apwey
(Two Ways of Solving the Problem of Double Counting)
hyT ilKy do apwey rwhI dohrI gnxw dI smisAw dy smwDwn ho skdw hY[ pihlw GDP dw Anumwx lgw lYdy
smy AsI kyvl AiqMm vsquAw, n ik mDvrqI vsquAw, dy mu`l ƒ joVdy hn[ AiDAwX 2 iv`c AsI pihlw hI
AiqMm vsquAw Aqy mDvrqI vsquAw dy AMqr dw ivvrx dy idqw hY[ auhwƒ Pyr dohrwdy hW-
(i) mDvrwI vsquAw dw pRXog dujI vsquAw dy aqpwdn dy kcy mwl dy rup ivc huMdw hY Aqy PrmW jo aqpwdn
rwhI iesdI dubwrw ivkrI vI ho skdI hY[ iehdy dUjI Aor AiqMm vsquAw dw pRXog duijAw vsquAw dy
aqpwdn dy kcy mwl dy rup iv`c nhI huMdw Aqy PrmW rwhI iesdI dubrw ivkrI vI nhI huMdI hY[
(ii) mDvrqI vsquAw aqpwdn dI sImW ryKw dy AMdr rhdI hY[ ieh vsquAw dy mu`l joVnw Ajy bwkI hMdw
hY[ iehdy dujI Aor AiqMm vsquAw aqpwdn dI sImw ryKw qo bwhr huMdI hY Aqy iehdy iv`c koeI mu`l
nhI joiVAw jwdw[
kyvl AiqMm vsquAw dy mu`l ƒ iDAwn iv`c rKdy hoey AsI dohrI gxnw dI smisAw qo bc skdy hW[ GDP dw
Anumwx lYdy msy iksI vsqu dy mu`l dI do vwr igxqI nhI huMdI hY[
dujI: ArQ-ivvsQw dI iBn iBn aqpwdn iekwieAw dy aqpwd mu`l (Value of Output) qy iDAwn n idNdy
hoey AsI mu`l viriD (Value Addition) qy iDAwn kyNdr krdy hn[

mu`l virDI kI hY? (What is Value Addition?)
aqpwdn pRkirAw iv`c pRXog hox vwlI mDvrqI vsquAw dI lwgq qo aqpwdn dw mu`l ijnW ijAwdw huMdw hY
auhwƒ mu`l viriD ikhw jwdw hY[
bykrmYn dy SbdW ivc, “mu`l virDI nwl Bwv aqpwdn SrMKlw ivc virDI dI aus ikirAw qoN hY ijsdy nwl
koeI aDXog dujy aDXogW qoN k`cw mwl Aqy vsqvW Aqy syvwvW KrId ky ausnUM A`gy dujy aDXogW ƒ vycdy smyN
asdy mu`l ivc joV idMdw hY[”(The term value added implies, it is value added by each industry to
the raw material or other goods and services that it bought from other industries before pass-
ing on the product to the next link in the whole chain of production. - Beckerman) ies leI ipCy
id`qy gey adwhrx ivc ikswn ny 400 ru. mu`l virDI kIqI (ies mwnqw qy ik asdw m`DvrqI apBog zIro
hY), Awtw im`l ny 600ru. -400ru. =200ru. dI mu`l virDI kIqI, Aqy bykrI vwly ny flbrotI bxwky 800
ru. -600ru. =200ru.dI mu`l virDI kIqI[ dukwndwr ny fblrotI vycky, 900 ru. -800 ru. =100 ru. dI mu`l
virDI kIqI[ kul mu`l virDI 400 ru. + 200 ru. + 200 ru. + 100 ru = 900 ru. hoeI[ ieh fblrotI dI
bwjwr kImq dy brwbr hY, jyVw ik AiqMm pdwrD hY jw aqpwdn dy iBn crxW iv`c mu`l virDI dw joV hY[ mu`l
virDI dy pRXog nwl dohrI grxw dI smisAwvW qo bicAw jw skdw hY[ mu`l virDI qknIk dy ies gux dy kwrx,
rwStrI Awmdn dy Awkfo iv`c ies dw ivsqirq rup ivc pRXog huMdw hY[ iek Prm rwhI kI geI mu`l virDI
ƒ jwnx dy leI aus Prm dy kul aqpwdn dy mu`l iv`co mDvrqI vsquAw dI lwgq ƒ Gwtw idqw jwdW hY[ Bwv

mu`l virDI = aqpwdn dw mu`l – m`DvrqI vsquAw dI lwgq

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 19