Page 29 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_PUNJABI

iekweI–2: rwStrI Awmdn : rwStrI Awmdn dI Dwrxw

AiqMm Krc dy Gtk (Components of Final Expenditure) È؇
(1) AiqMm apBog Krc : iesdy do muK AMg ies qrw hY –

(i) injI AiqMm apBog Krc (Private Final Consumption Expenditure) – GrylU bwjwr iv`c injI
AiqMm apBog Krc dI gnxw krx dy leI apBogqw pirvwro Aqy injI gYr lwBkwrI sMsQwvW ƒ itkwa
apBog vsquAw, ArD-itkwa apBog Aqy nwSvwn vsquvW Aor syvwvW dI jyVI AiqMm ivkrI ikqI jWdI
hY, ausdI kul mwqrw ƒ Putkr kImqW dy nwl guxw kr idqw jwdw hY[ iehdy ivco gYr-vwisAw rwhI GrylU
bwjwr iv`c ikqI geI pRqXS KrId ƒ GwtW idqw jwdw hY Aqy vwsI pirvwrW rwhI ivdySW ivc ikqI
geI pRqXS KrId ƒ joV idqw jwdw hY[ pirxwmI AWkfy injI AiqMm apBog Krc dy brwbr hody hn[
Kud dy lox dy leI ikqw igAw aqpwdn vI injI apBog Krc dw iek ih`sw huMdw hY[Kud dy lox dy leI
aqpwdn dI mwqrw ƒ aqpwdk dy pfosI bwjwr iv`c cl rhI ikmqW dy nwl guxw krxw jrUrI huMdw
hY[ieSI qrw mwlkW rwhI kwibj mkwnW (Owner Occupied Houses) do Awroipq ikrwAW vI GrylU
bwjwr dy ANiqm apBog Krc iv`c swml ikqw jwdW hY[
(ii) srkwrI ANiqm apBog Krc (Government Final Consumption Expenditure) - srkwrI ANiqm
apBog Krc dI gnxw krx dy leI aDmW rwhI srkwr ƒ vycI geI kuL ivkrI dI mwqrw ƒ Putkr
kImqW dy nwl guxw kr idqw jwdw hY[ ivdySW iv`c ikqI geI KrId ƒ vI iehdy iv`c joiVAw jwdW hY[
(2) skl GrylU puMjI inrmwx (Gross Domestic Capital Formation) – iehdy iv`c hyT ilKy invyS ƒ
swml ikqw jwdW hY-
(A) skl GrylU SDweI puMjI inrmwx (Gross Domestic Fixed Capital Formation) – iehdy iv`c puMjI
inrmwx dy hyT ilKy do qirikAw ƒ swml ikqw jwdW hY –
(a) inrmwx qy Krc (Expenditure on Construction) – irrmwx qy ikqy jwx vwly Krc dI grxw
krx dy leI inrmwx swmgrI, ijvy-sImyNt, stIl, iet, Srm qy puMjI SwDnW dI mwqrw ƒ auhwnW
idAw kImqw dy nwl guxw kr idqw jwdW hY[ ies qrw ikqI geI Krc gnxw ƒ vsqU pRvwh ivDI
(Commodity Flow Approach) ikhw jwdW hY[ inrmwx dy Krc iv`c hyT ilKI mdyN swml ikqI
jWdI hY – (i) svlyKw dy leI Acl sMpiq dw aqpwdn, (ii) apBogqw pirvwrW rwhI nvy mwknw dI
KrId, (iii) inrmwx sDl qy cwlU kwrey Aqy (iv) puMjIgq mrmqy ijvy – purwxI iemwrqW iv`c ikqy
gey muK pirvrqn[
(b) mSInrI Aqy apkrx qy AiqMm Krc (The Final Expenditure on Machinery and
Equipment) - mSInrI Aqy apkrx qy ikqy gey Krc dw AnUmwl do qrIikAw dy nwl lgwieAw
jw skdw hY – (i) iesdI AiqMm ivkrI dI mqrw ƒ bwjwr iv`c cln rwhI kImqW dy nwl guxw kr
idqW jwdw hY, (ii) vsqu pRvwh ivDI (Commodity Flow Approach) dy muqbwk pRcwilq swl iv`c
aqpwidq mSInrI Aqy apkrx dI kul mwqrw ƒ jwxky iehwƒ kryqwvw rwhI idqI geI kImwqW dy nwl
guxw kr idqw jwdw hY[ ien dovy iviDAw rwhI iekO brwbr joq pRwpq huMdw hY[ iehdy iv`c svy=lyKw
aqpwd dy leI aqpwidq ikqI geI mSInW Aqy apkrx dI kImqW ƒ vI joV idqw jwdW hY[
(B) stwk iv`c pirvrqn qy Krc (The Expenditure on Change in Stock or Inventories) – stwk
iv`c hox vwly Boiqk pirvrqnW qy ikqy jwx vwly Krc dI gnxw krx dy leI Boqk pirvrqnW dI mwqrw ƒ
bwjwr kImqW dy nwl guxW kr idqw jwdW hY[ AsI skl GrylU aqpwd iv`c auh vsquAw Aqy syvwvW dy aqpwdn
dy mu`l ƒ vI joVdy hW ijnW dw iek lyKw swl iv`c aqpwdn qW huMdw hY pr ivkrI nhI huMdI[
(3) SuD inrXwq (Net Exports) – AMq ivq ivdySW qo pRwpq SuD inrXwq ( inrXwq – AwXwq ) dy mu`l dI
gnxW ikqI jWdI hY[inrXwq Aqy AwXwq ikqI geI vsquAw Aqy syvwvW dy mu`l dy AMqr ƒ SuD inrXwq ikhw
jwdW hY[ inrXwqo dw aqpwdn iksy dyS dy aqpwdn dy swDnW rwhI ikqw jwdW hY inrXwq ik jwx vwlI vsquAW
dI ivkrI do GrylU ArQ-ivvsQw qy aqpwdn swDwnW qy koeI pRBwv nhI pYdW[ iesy kwrx nwl inrXwq dy mu`l

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