Page 169 - DECO404_PUBLIC_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZ—15% yksd ½.k% lkoZtfud vkSj futh ½.k osQ vFkZ ,oa bldh lhek,¡

esa C;kt dh Hkh vnk;xh djsxhA Í.k ljdkj dh vk; dk vfUre Ïksr gksrk gSA MkYVu osQ vuqlkj] ¶lkoZtfud uksV
vfèkdkfj;ksa dh vk; izkIr djus dk ,d <ax lkoZtfud Í.k Hkh gSA¸
izks- ts- osQ- esgrk osQ vuqlkj] ¶lkoZtfud Í.k vis{kkÑr vkèkqfud ?kVuk gS rFkk fo'o esa turkfU=kd ljdkjksa
osQ fodkl osQ lkFk O;ogkj esa vk;k gSA¸ ,Me fLeFk dk dFku Fkk fd ¶lkoZtfud Í.k ls ;q¼ ,oa
fiQtwy[kphZ tSlh ifjfLFkfr;k¡ mRiUu gks tkrh gSaA ijUrq vkèkqfud vFkZ'kkL=kh bls cqjk ugha ekursA¸

mèkkj ysus osQ dkj.k (Causes of Borrowing)
ljdkj blfy, mèkkj ys ldrh gS D;ksafd gks ldrk gS fd pkyw vk; muosQ [kpks± dks iwjk djus osQ fy, i;kZIr
u iM+rh gksA oqQy vkdfLed ,oa vlEHkkfor [kpZ lkeus vk tkus osQ dkj.k Hkh ljdkj dks mèkkj ysuk iM+ ldrk
gS D;ksafd dj&vk; esa ml lhek rd o`f¼ dj lduk ,dne lEHko ugha gksrkA ljdkj iw¡thxr [kpks± dh foÙkh;
O;oLFkk osQ fy, Hkh mèkkj ys ldrh gS D;ksafd pkyw vk; (current revenue) bl mís'; dh iwfrZ osQ fy,
i;kZIr ugha gksxhA
eUnh dh vofèk esa] tc futh ek¡x (private demand) vi;kZIr gksrh gS rks ljdkj yksxksa dh csdkj iM+h gqbZ
cprksa dks vkèkkj osQ :i esa ys ysrh gS vkSj leFkZ ek¡x (effective demand) esa o`f¼ djus osQ fy, mUgsa [kpZ
djrh gS vkSj bl izdkj lekt esa vfrfjDr vk; rFkk jkstxkj iSnk dj nsrh gSA blosQ foijhr] eqnzk&LiQhfr dh
fLFkfr esa tc leFkZ ek¡x pkyw ewY;ksa ij miyCèk oLrqvksa o lsokvksa dh iw£r ls vfèkd gksrh gS rks ljdkj viuh
vko';drk ls vfèkd dj yxkrh gS vkSj mls [kpZ djrh gS rkfd iQkyrw Ø;&'kfDr osQ lEiw.kZ vFkok vkaf'kd
Hkkx dk :i&ifjorZu djosQ 'kqf¼dj.k gks losQA ljdkj djksa ls izkIr bl iQkyrw jkf'k ,d&nwljs osQ iwjd gSaA
bl dkj.k jktdks"kh; uhfr dks liQyrkiwoZd fØ;kfUor ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA
(1) jk"Vªh; vk; esa djksa dk de fgLlkµLorU=krk&izkfIr osQ i'pkr~ Hkkjr dh jk"Vªh; vk; esa pkj xquh ls
T;knk o`f¼ gqbZ gS tcfd jk"Vªh; vk; esa dj ls gksus okyh vk; osQ izfr'kr esa ml vuqikr ls de o`f¼ gqbZ gSA
orZeku esa jk"Vªh; vk; esa dj dk 20 izfr'kr ls Hkh de fgLlk gS tcfd ;g izfr'kr vesfjdk esa
22-42 izfr'kr] LohMu esa 26-3 izfr'kr] vkLVªsfy;k esa 27-9 izfr'kr] uhnjySaM esa 29-2 izfr'kr rFkk baXySaM esa
30-4 izfr'kr jgk gSA blosQ vfrfjDr bu ns'kksa esa djksa ls izkIr vk; dk vfèkdka'k fgLlk izR;{k djksa ls izkIr
gksrk gS tcfd Hkkjr esa dj vk; dk T;knkrj fgLlk vizR;{k djksa dk gksrk gSA bl izdkj dh fLFkfr esa jktdks"kh;
mik; vFkZO;oLFkk esa fodkl dks c<+kus esa vfèkd lgk;d fl¼ ugha gks ldrsA
(2) vizR;{k djksa dh vfèkdrkµHkkjrh; dj iz.kkyh esa vizR;{k djksa dh vfèkdrk gS tks U;k;laxr ugha gSA
;kstukdky esa vizR;{k djksa esa bruh rsth ls o`f¼ gqbZ gS fd lEiw.kZ dj O;oLFkk vlarqfyr ,oa vU;k;iw.kZ cu
xbZ gSA vizR;{k djksa dk T;knkrj Hkkj èkuh oxZ dh vis{kk fuèkZuksa dks ogu djuk iM+rk gS ftlls lekt esa
vk£Fkd fo"kerk,¡ c<+h gSaA bl lEcUèk esa izks- osQ- Vh- 'kkg us Bhd gh dgk gS] ¶;|fi èkuh oxZ esa dj {kerk
vfèkd gksrh gS tcfd mu ij dj&Hkkj cgqr de gSA blosQ foijhr fuèkZu oxZ ij dj dk Hkkj 'ksj osQ fgLls
osQ cjkcj gS tcfd ogu djus dh {kerk HksM+ osQ cPps osQ cjkcj gSA¸
(3) voqQ'ky dj iz.kkyhµHkkjrh; dj iz.kkyh dk;ZoqQ'ky ugha gSA Hkkjr esa dj oapuk vke gS D;ksafd gekjh
dj&iz.kkyh nks"kiw.kZ gSA izks- oSQYMksj osQ vuqeku osQ vuqlkj Hkkjr esa 200 ls 300 djksM+ #i;s izfro"kZ dj oapuk
gksrh gSA blosQ vfrfjDr vk;&dj dk lEiw.kZ fgLlk olwy ugha fd;k tkrk gSA Hkkjr esa vk;dj dk 70 izfr'kr
ls de fgLlk gh olwy fd;k tkrk gSA
(4) lkoZtfud vk; dk viO;;µHkkjr esa lkoZtfud O;; dk dkiQh Hkkx viO;; gksrk gSA xSj&fodkl
ifj;kstukvksa ij dkiQh O;; fd;k tkrk gS] blosQ vfrfjDr oqQN ifj;kstuk,¡ osQoy izfr"Bk osQ vkèkkj ij 'kq:
dj nh tkrh gSaA muesa cM+h ek=kk esa O;; dj fn;k tkrk gS tcfd turk dks blls dksbZ ykHk ugha izkIr gksrk
gSA ljdkjh foHkkxksa ij dkiQh ek=kk esa O;; fd;k tkrk gS tcfd ogk¡ Hkz"Vkpkj] fj'or[kksjh ,oa ykyiQhrk'kkgh
dk jkT; dk;e gS vkSj dke foyEc ls gksrs gSa ftlosQ dkj.k mRikndrk esa fxjkoV vkrh gSA

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