Page 155 - DECO502_INDIAN_ECONOMIC_POLICY_HINDI

bdkbZ—10% Hkkjrh; vk£Fkd uhfr;ksa dh leh{kk% lqèkkj osQ igys vkSj lqèkkj osQ ckn

• LiQhfrdkjh nckoksa dks de djus vkSj yf{kr Hkqxrku&'ks"k esa lqèkkj ykus osQ fy, izfrcaèkkRed ekSfnzd uhfr uksV
pyk;h tk;sxhA
• ljdkj osQ fLFkjhdj.k (Stabilisation) vkSj vk;kr laoqQpu mik;ksa ls ;g izR;k'kk dh x;h fd os fons'kh
[kkrs osQ ?kkVs dks de djosQ 1991&92 esa ldy ns'kh; mRikn osQ 2 izfr'kr ij yk;k tk,A
• og fofuek;d <kapk (Regulatory Framework) fodkl osQ ekxZ esa #dkoV Fkk] tqykbZ 24] 19991 dks
?kksf"kr uhfr }kjk cqfu;knh :i esa ifjo£rr fd;k x;kA
• vkS|ksfxd uhfr (1991) fons'kh fuos'k osQ fy, vfèkd volj Hkh iznku djrh gS rkfd rdukykth
gLrkarj.k] foi.ku fo'ks"kKrk vkSj vkèkqfud izcaèkdh; rduhdksa osQ iz;ksx dk ykHk mBk;k tk losQA
• ljdkj dk er gS fd lkoZtfud {ks=k us cM+s iSekus ij vkUrfjd vfrjsd (Internal surpluses) iSnk ugha
fd;s gSa D;ksafd blosQ fy, vi;kZIr izfrLi¼kZ dk vHkko jgk gSA blus mPp ykxr <kaps dks izksUur fd;k
gSA

• Hkkjr esa vk£Fkd lqèkkj 1991 esa dkaxzsl ljdkj }kjk ftlosQ izèkkuea=kh Jh ih-oh ujflEgk jko Fks] ykxw fd,
x,A jktuSfrd nyksa esa vk£Fkd lqèkkjksa osQ dk;kZUo;u osQ lEcUèk esa yxHkx ,der gSA

• lqèkkj izfØ;k us vc 16 o"kZ iwjs dj fy, gSa vkSj ;g le;&vofèk bruh NksVh ugha fd lqèkkj izfØ;k osQ
izHkko dk ewY;kadu u fd;k tk losQA
• lqèkkj izfØ;k dk ewY;kadu djus ls igys ;g okaNuh; gksxk fd vk£Fkd fodkl dh izfØ;k osQ y{; Li"V
dj fn, tk,aA
• blesa lUnsg ugha fd vk£Fkd lqèkkj osQ ifj.kkeLo:i ldy ns'kh; mRikn (GDP) dh lkis{kr% mPp o`f¼nj
izksUur gqbZA igys nks o"kks± vFkkZr~ 1991&92 vkSj 1992&93 dh vkjafHkd dfBukb;ksa osQ i'pkr~ 1993&94
ls 1997&98 osQ nkSjku vkSlr o`f¼rj 7 izfro"kZ FkhA
• fo'o cSad osQ Mk- xkSjo nÙk us vius ys[k “Has Poverty Declined Since Economic Reforms?” esa
lqèkkj&iwoZ ,oa lqèkkj&mijkUr dky esa xjhch esa deh dk rqyukRed vè;;u fd;k gSA
• jk"Vªh; uewuk losZ{k.k osQ 61osa jkSan osQ vkèkkj ij] ;kstuk vk;ksx us leku&Lej.k&vofèk (Unifor recall
period) osQ vkèkkj ij 1993&94 ls 2004&05 osQ nkSjku xjhch vuqikr dk vuqeku yxk;k gSA

• pwafd lqèkkj izfØ;k dk eq[; cy laxfBr {ks=k (Organised sector) ij gS] bl fy, laxfBr {ks=k esa jks”kxkj
dh o`f¼ dk ifj{k.k djuk :fpdj gksxkA

• lqèkkj&izfØ;k us Je ij Hkh nq"izHkko gh Mkyk gSA bl dk izek.k bl rF; ls feyrk gS fd lqèkkj&iwoZ dky
esa rkykcfUn;ksa (Lockouts) osQ ifj.kkeLo:i ekuo&fgrksa dh gkfu 46 izfr'kr Fkh ijUrq lqèkkj mijkUr
dky esa ;g ,dne Nykax yxkdj 60 izfr'kr gks x;hA
• vkS|ksfxd ykfc;ka dbZ ckj ;g vkjksi yxkrh gSa fd Jfedksa }kjk mRikfnrk esa o`f¼ ugha dh tkrh ijUrq
os okLrfod etnwjh dks c<+kus osQ fy, m|ksxifr;ksa dks etcwj djrs gSaA
• vk£Fkd lqèkkjksa dh ewy leL;k ;g gS fd Je dks ,d ifjlEir (Asset) u ekudj] bls osQoy ,d
midj.k (Instrument) ekuukA lqèkkj izfØ;k osQ leFkZd Je&yksp'khyrk (Labour flexibility) vFkkZr~
Jfed dks dke ij yxkus vkSj gVkus esa iw.kZ Lora=krk dh odkyr djrs gSa vkSj blosQ fy, lqj{kk&rU=k
(Safety net) dh miyfCèk dh vksj è;ku vkd£"kr djrs gSaA
• lqj{kk&rU=k (Safety net) dh miyfCèk dk fojksèk djrs gq, tkstsiQ fLVfXyV~l us bl ckr ij cy fn;k
gS fd dksbZ Hkh lqj{kk&rU=k vFkZO;oLFkk dks iw.kZ jkstxkj (Full employment) osQ Lrj ij lapkyu osQ
}kjk miyCèk djk;h x;h lqj{kk dks foLFkkfir ugha dj ldrkA

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