Page 316 - DECO502_INDIAN_ECONOMIC_POLICY_HINDI

Hkkjrh; vk£Fkd uhfr

uksV gks x;kA ECM ns'kksa dk Hkkx tks 1955&56 esa 18-2 izfr'kr Fkk fxjdj 1969&70 esa 10-9 izfr'kr gks x;k ijUrq
;g fiQj mUur gksdj 1979&80 esa 24-2 izfr'kr gks x;kA fdUrq ,d gn rd ;g o`f¼ EFTA {ks=k ls osQoy
ifjorZu osQ :i esa gh gSA ;fn ge EFTA vkSj ECM {ks=kksa dks lkFk ysa] rks 1955&56 osQ i'pkr~ ;wjksi osQ Hkkx
esa deh gqbZ gS vkSj 1976&77 esa ;g fxjdj 21-3 izfr'kr gks x;kA fdUrq 1979&80 esa ;g mUur gksdj yxHkx
27 izfr'kr gks x;kA fdUrq ;g 1987&88 esa ;g 33 izfr'kr gks x;k ijUrq ;g 2005&06 esa fiQj de gksdj 15-
7 izfr'kr gks x;kA
gky gh osQ o"kks± esa iwohZ; ;wjksi osQ ns'kksa vFkkZr~ ;w-,l-,l-vkj-] ikySaM] :ekfu;k] cqYxkfj;k] pSdksLyksokfd;k]
;wxksLykfo;k osQ lkFk gekjk O;kikj fodflr gqvk gSA bu ns'kksa ls vk;kr dh eq[; ensa gSaμykSg ,oa bLikr] vykSg
èkkrq,¡] jlk;u] iw¡th lkt&lkeku] jsyos LVksj] dkxt] nokb;k¡ ,oa vkS"kfèk;k¡ vkSj iSVªksfy;e mRiknA buesa ls cgqr
lh oLrqvksa osQ vk;kr gekjs vkUrjd izkstSDVksa (Core Projects) vkSj lkefjd egÙo osQ m|ksxksa esa lgk;d gSaA
buosQ cnys Hkkjr bu ns'kksa dks pk;] dktw] xeZ elkys] rEckowQ] frygu] peM+k] èkkfRod v;Ld (Metallic
ores), iVlu dh fu£er oLrqvksa vkfn dk fu;kZr djrk gS vFkkZr~ Hkkjrh; fu;kZr dh ikjEifjd ensa
(Traditional items)A bu ns'kksa ls vk;kr dh lajpuk ls Li"V gks tkrk gS fd ;s vk;kr vk£Fkd fodkl dh
n`f"V ls egÙoiw.kZ gSaA 1960&61 esa Hkkjr us bl {ks=k ls vius oqQy vk;kr dk 4 izfr'kr eaxok;k vkSj bl {ks=k
dks fu;kZr dk yxHkx 8 izfr'kr HkstkA ijUrq 1962 esa Hkkjr&phu ;q¼ vkSj 1965 esa Hkkjr&ikd ;q¼ osQ i'pkr~
iwohZ; ;wjksi osQ lektoknh ns'kksa osQ lkFk gekjs O;kikfjd lEcUèk cgqr vfèkd mUur gks x,A 1970&71 esa] bl
oxZ osQ ns'kksa ls gekjs oqQy vk;kr dk 13-5 izfr'kr izkIr fd;k x;k vkSj bUgsa gekjs oqQy fu;kZr dk 21 izfr'kr
Hkstk x;kA bl {ks=k ls oqQy O;kikj dk 84 izfr'kr ;w-,l-,l-vkj- ls gSA 2005&06 rd] iwohZ; ;wjksi ls gekjs
vk;kr fxjdj yxHkx 2-6 izfr'kr jg x, vkSj bl {ks=k dks fu;kZr esa Hkh fxjkoV vkbZ vkSj os 1979&80 rd
14 izfr'kr gks x, vkSj 2005&06 rd fxj dj osQoy 1-9 izfr'kr jg x,A lksfo;r la?k osQ fo?kVu osQ
ifj.kkeLo:i] bu ns'kksa osQ lkFk gekjs O;kikfjd lEcUèkksa esa ifjorZu vk jgk gSA

isVªksfy;e fu;kZrd ns'kksa osQ laxBu (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries—OPEC) osQ lkFk
gekjs O;kikfjd lEcUèk c<+s gSaA 1970&71 esa bu ns'kksa ls gekjs vk;kr dk yxHkx 8 izfr'kr izkIr gksrk Fkk] ijUrq
bldh rqyuk esa 1987&88 esa ;g ,d ne Nykax yxkdj 13-3 izfr'kr gks x;kA bldk eq[; dkj.k rsy dh
dherksa esa rhoz o`f¼ Fkh vkSj v;kr osQ ifjek.kkRed lwpdkad (Quantitative index) esa rnuq:i o`f¼ ugha gqbZA
fu;kZr osQ i{k esa] bu ns'kksa dks gekjs fu;kZr dk 6-1 izfr'kr 1987&88 esa Hkstk tkrk Fkk vkSj ;g 2005&06 esa
c<+dj 14-8 izfr'kr gks x;kA rsy dh vUrjkZ"Vªh; dher esa fxjkoV osQ ifj.kkeLo:i iSVªksfy;e fu;kZrd ns'kksa
osQ lkFk gekjs vk;kr 1987&88 esa fiQj fxjdj 13-3 izfr'kr gks x, rFkk 2005&06 esa vkSj fxj 7-7 izfr'kr
gks x,A
1970&71 osQ nkSjku gekjs fu;kZr esa bu nks ns'kksa dk Hkkx 15 izfr'kr Fkk tksfd de gksdj 2005&06 esa 3-2
izfr'kr jg x;k fdUrq gekjs vk;kr esa Hkkx tks 1970&71 esa osQoy 7-2 izfr'kr Fkk] og 2005&06 esa 5-9 izfr'kr
gks x;kA

gekjs fons'kh O;kikj esa ,f'k;k ,oa vks'kfu;k ftUgsa vc vU; vks-bZ-lh-Mh- ns'k dgk
tkrk gS] esa vkLVªsfy;k vkSj tkiku egÙoiw.kZ gSA

Hkkjr ,f'k;kbZ ns'kksa osQ lkFk vius fons'kh O;kikj dks c<+kus dh Hkkjh {kerk j[krk gS D;ksafd bu ns'kksa esa Hkkjr
dh fu£er oLrq,¡ Hkyh Hkk¡fr Lohdkj dh tkrh gSaA blh izdkj Hkkjr bu lkis{kr% vYifodflr ns'kksa ls vius
c<+rs gq, m|ksxksa osQ fy, dPps eky dk vk;kr dj ldrk gSA bldk izek.k ;g gS fd bu ns'kksa ls 2005&06
osQ nkSjku gekjs oqQy vk;kr dk 20-9 izfr'kr izkIr fd;k x;k tcfd 1970&71 esa ;g osQoy 3-3 izfr'kr FkkA

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