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bdkbZμ28% vadVkM] vkbZ-,e-,iQ- fo'o cSad---
28-1 vadVkM] vkbZ-,e-,iQ-] fo'o cSad rFkk ,f'k;kbZ fodkl cSad (UNCTAD, uksV
I.M.F., World Bank and Asian Development Bank)
vadVkM la;qDr jk"Vª la?k dh egklHkk dk ,d LFkk;h vax gS] fdUrq mldh Lo;a dh lgk;d laLFkk,¡ gSa rFkk LorU=k
lfpoky; gSA bldh ,d LFkk;h dk;Zdkfj.kh gS ftls O;kikj ,oa fodkl e.My (Trade and Development
Board) dgrs gSaA vadVkM lEesyuksa dh vofèk osQ chp esa e.My dk;Z'khy jgrk gS rFkk bldh lky esa nks cSBosaQ
gksrh gSaA blosQ 55 lnL; gksrs gSa ftudk pquko lEesyu esa leku HkkSxksfyd forj.k osQ vkèkkj ij fd;k tkrk gSA
bl e.My dh pkj lgk;d laLFkk,¡ gSa tks bl izdkj gSaμ
(i) oLrqvksa dh desVh] (ii) fuekZ.k m|ksxksa dh desVh] (iii) ukS&ifjogu desVh] ,oa (iv) vn`'; oLrqvksa ,oa O;kikj
ls lEcfUèkr foÙkh; O;oLFkk dh desVhA
vadVkM dk eq[;ky; tsusok (fLoV~tjyS.M) esa fLFkr gSA pkj o"kZ osQ vUrjky ij lkekU;r% vadVkM dh cSBd
vk;ksftr gksrh gSA vadVkM dh lHkh lHkkvksa esa IMF dks LFkk;h izfrfufèkRo izkIr gSA blh dkj.k UNCTAD }kjk
ikfjr izLrkoksa dks IMF viuh uhfr fuekZ.k esa LFkku nsrk gSA
vadVkM osQ lq>ko jpukRed ek=k gksrs gSa ftUgsa viukus osQ fy, fdlh Hkh jk"Vª dks ckè; ugha fd;k tk ldrkA
vadVkM osQ izeq[k mís'; ,oa dk;Z (Main Objectives and Functions of UNCTAD)
vadVkM dh LFkkiuk blh mís'; ls dh x;h gS fd v¼Z&fodflr ns'kksa osQ O;kikj lEcUèkh ekeyksa esa mudh lgk;rk
dj] bu ns'kksa esa vk£Fkd fodkl dks xfr'khy cuk;k tk losQA vadVkM osQ eq[; dk;Z fuEu izdkj gSaμ
(1) iwjs fo'o esa fodflr ,oa v¼Z&fodflr ns'kksa osQ chp vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dks izksRlkgu nsuk vkSj vk£Fkd
fodkl dks xfr'khy cukukA
(2) vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ,oa mlls lEcfUèkr ekeyksa rFkk vk£Fkd fodkl ls lEcfUèkr leL;kvksa osQ fy, fl¼kUr
,oa uhfr;ksa dk fuèkkZj.k djukA
(3) mi;qZDr fl¼kUr ,oa uhfr;ksa dks dk;kZfUor djus osQ fy, izLrko rS;kj djukA
(4) la;qDr jk"Vª la?k esa vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ls lEcfUèkr tks vU; laLFkk,¡ gSa] mudk vadVkM ls leUo; LFkkfir
djuk ,oa mudh izxfr dh leh{kk djukA
(5) fo'o osQ ns'kksa osQ chp lq[kn O;kikfjd lEcUèk LFkkfir djus gsrq ,d osQUnz osQ :i esa dk;Z djukA
vUrjkZ"Vªh; eqnzk&dks"k dh LFkkiuk (Establishment of I.M.F.)
izFke fo'o ;q¼ osQ ckn] Lo.kZeku VwVus osQ dkj.k vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ,oa Hkqxrku osQ {ks=k esa dkiQh dfBukb;k¡ gksus
yxhaA f}rh; fo'o ;q¼ us Hkh fons'kh fofue; vkSj O;kikj osQ {ks=k esa vO;oLFkk dh fLFkfr iSnk dj nhA lalkj osQ
ns'kksa osQ lkeus xEHkhj izfrowQy Hkqxrku lUrqyu dh leL;k fo|eku FkhA vr% lc ns'kksa us ;g vuqHko fd;k fd
bl leL;k osQ nh?kZdkyhu ,oa LFkk;h gy osQ fy, ikjLifjd le>kSrksa osQ ekè;e ls vUrjkZ"Vªh; ekSfnzd lg;ksx dh
LFkkiuk dh tk;A iQyLo:i 1944 esa vesfjdk osQ cszVuoqM~l uked LFkku esa ,d vUrjkZ"Vªh; ekSfnzd lEesyu
cqyk;k x;k ftlesa 44 ns'kksa osQ izfrfuf/;ksa us Hkkx fy;k vkSj i;kZIr fopkj&foe'kZ osQ ckn ,d ,sls ekè;e dh [kkst
dh ftlls vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj vkSj Hkqxrku esa ljyrk gks losQA bl izdkj ,d vUrjkZ"Vªh; ekSfnzd laxBu osQ :i
esa vUrjkZ"Vªh; eqnzk dks"k (IMF) dh LFkkiuk 27 fnlEcj] 1945 dks ok¯'kxVu esa gqbZ] fdUrq okLrfod :i esa
vUrjkZ"Vªh; eqnzk dks"k (IMF) us viuk dk;Z 1 ekpZ] 1947 ls vkjEHk fd;kA
vUrjkZ"Vªh; eqnzk&dks"k osQ mís'; (Aims of International Monetary Fund)
eqnzk&dks"k osQ le>kSrk&i=k osQ vuqlkj blosQ fuEufyf[kr mís'; gSaμ
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