Page 306 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ,oa foÙk

uksV eqnzk&dks"k osQ dk;Z (Functions of I.M.F.)
vius mís';ksa dh iwfrZ osQ fy, eqnzk&dks"k fuEukafdr dk;Z lEikfnr djrk gSμ
(1) vkfFkZd lgk;rk iznku djuk (Giving of Economic Aid)

eqnzk&dks"k dk eq[; mís'; leLr ns'kksa osQ Hkqxrku vlUrqyu dks lUrqfyr djus esa lgk;rk djuk gSA tc fdlh
ns'k dk O;kikj vFkok Hkqxrku lUrqyu foi{k esa gksrk gS rks eqnzk&dks"k }kjk oqQN le; osQ fy, vko';d eqnzk dh
O;oLFkk dj nh tkrh gSA
eqnzk&dks"k dh rqyuk nedy ls (I.M.F. like a Fire Brigade)μeqnzk&dks"k osQoy vLFkkbZ vlUrqyu dks Bhd
djus osQ fy, jde nsrk gS] vr% lgk;rk dh vof/ vf/d ls vf/d 3 ls 5 o"kZ rd gksrh gSA eqnzk&dks"k osQ
HkwriwoZ izcU/ funs'kd isj tsdksclu osQ 'kCnksa esa] ¶eqnzk&dks"k vkx cq>kus okys batu dh rjg gS ftldk iz;ksx
osQoy ladV&dky esa fd;k tkuk pkfg,A¸ okLro esa tc fdlh ns'k osQ fofue;&dks"k lekIr gks tk,¡ ;k fdlh
vLFkkbZ dfBukbZ osQ dkj.k og fons'kh Hkqxrku djus esa vleFkZ gks rc mls eqnzk&dks"k ls lgk;rk ek¡xuh pkfg,]
D;ksafd eqnzk&dks"k ,d xfr'khy dks"k gS (The I.M.F. is a revolving fund) vkSj bldh iw¡th ,d txg vVdk
dj ugha j[kh tk ldrhA eqnzk&dks"k dh lgk;rk okLro esa volj iznku djus osQ fy, gS ftlosQ lgkjs ls ns'kksa dks
viuh O;kikfjd fLFkfr lq/kjus dk le; fey tkrk gSA

eqnzk&dks"k fuEu :iksa esa vkfFkZd lgk;rk nsrk gSμ
(i) ladVdkyhu lgk;rk (Emergency Help)μftl ns'k esa jktuhfrd vFkok vkfFkZd ladV osQ dkj.k
fLFkfr fcxM+ tkrh gS mls lq/kjus osQ fy, eqnzk&dks"k vYidkyhu lgk;rk ns nsrk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,]
Hkkjr dks 1983 esa 5-6 vjc SDR dh ladVdkyhu lgk;rk nh xbZA
(ii) lkef;d fofue; dfBukbZ (Seasonal Exchange Difficulty)μftu ns'kksa dh vFkZO;oLFkk fons'kh
O;kikj ij gh fuHkZj gS vkSj muosQ fu;kZr] o"kZ osQ oqQN eghuksa esa gh gksrs gSa] mUgsa Hkh eqnzk&dks"k vkfFkZd
lgk;rk nsrk gSA
(iii) pkyw Hkqxrku dk lUrqyu (Balancing Payment on Current Account)μoqQN ns'kksa esa vkfFkZd
fu;kstu osQ dkj.k Hkqxrku esa izfrowQyrk jgrh gS] mls Bhd djus osQ fy, Hkh eqnzk&dks"k ls lgk;rk fey
tkrh gSA
(iv) LFkkf;Ro Í.k (Stabilisation Loans)μtks ns'k vkfFkZd fLFkfr dh nqcZyrk osQ dkj.k viuh fofue; nj
fLFkj j[kus esa dfBukbZ dk vuqHko djrs gSa mu ns'kksa dks Hkh eqnzk&dks"k vkfFkZd ,oa rduhdh lgk;rk nsrk
gSA
lgk;rk 'kqYd (Charges)μvUrjkZ"Vªh; eqnzk&dks"k ftl ns'k dks Í.k nsrk gS ml ns'k dh eqnzk osQ Hk.Mkj eqnzk&dks"k
osQ ikl c<+ tkrs gSaA mnkgj.kr%] Hkkjr ;fn eqnzk&dks"k ls 1 djksM+ #i, osQ ewY; osQ Mkyj m/kj ysrk gS] rks eqnzk&dks"k
osQ ikl Mkyj Hk.Mkj de gks tk,¡xs vkSj #i, osQ Hk.Mkj c<+ tk,¡xsA blls Li"V gS fd eqnzk&dks"k osQ ikl (mlosQ
[kkrs esa) ftl ns'k dh eqnzk mlosQ vH;a'k ls vf/d gks tkrh gS] og ns'k eqnzk&dks"k dk Í.kh gks tkrk
gSA dks"k ml ns'k osQ vH;a'k ls vf/d eqnzk dh ek=kk ij 'kqYd ysrk gSA eqnzk&dks"k 3 ekl rd dh lgk;rk ij
dksbZ 'kqYd ugha ysrk] ijUrq mlls vf/d vof/ ij ,d o"kZ rd osQ fy, 0-5 izfr'kr 'kqYd olwy djrk gSA
(2) Í.k rFkk Í.k opu (Loans and Stand-by Agreement)

Í.k rFkk Í.k opu dh fØ;k,¡ vYidkyhu vUrjkZ"Vªh; lk[k osQ vUrxZr vkrh gSaA lnL; ns'kksa dh Hkqxrku lUrqyu
dh izfrowQyrk Bhd djus osQ fy, eqnzk dks"k nks izdkj ls vYidkyhu vUrjkZ"Vªh; lk[k dh O;oLFkk djrk gSA
eqnzk&dks"k ,d rks vius lnL;ksa dks izR;{k :i esa fons'kh eqnzk csprk gS] nwljs mudks vko';drk iM+us ij fons'kh
eqnzk cspus dk opu nsrk gSA eqnzk cspus osQ opu dh vof/ izk;% ,d o"kZ dh gksrh gS] ijUrq mlesa ikjLifjd le>kSrs
}kjk o`f¼ dh tk ldrh gSA ;g lgk;rk lEcfU/r ns'k osQ osQUnzh; cSad osQ ekè;e ls nh tkrh gSA bl O;oLFkk osQ

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