Page 307 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZμ28% vadVkM] vkbZ-,e-,iQ- fo'o cSad---

vUrxZr lnL; ns'k dks og vf/dkj nsrk gS fd og fuf'pr vof/ osQ Hkhrj vko';drk crykdj dks"k ls fons'kh uksV
fofue; izkIr dj ldrk gSA
(3) izkfof/d lgk;rk (Technical Assistance)
dks"k }kjk ok¯'kxVu fLFkr iz/ku dk;kZy; rFkk vU; ns'kksa esa vius izfrfuf/ Hkstdj vkfFkZd uhfr;ksa osQ lEcU/ esa
lgk;rk nsus dh O;oLFkk dh tkrh gSA ;g lgk;rk lkekU; Hkqxrku lUrqyu dh leL;k ls ysdj vkfFkZd ,oa foÙkh;
{ks=k dh fdlh Hkh fo'ks"k leL;k osQ ckjs esa gks ldrh gSA dks"k osQ fo'ks"kKksa }kjk dbZ ns'kksa dks eqnzk] dj] fofue;
rFkk fodkl uhfr;ksa osQ lEcU/ eas lgk;rk nh xbZ gSA oqQN ns'kksa osQ osQUnzh; cSadksa dh LFkkiuk rFkk muosQ fofHkUu
foHkkxksa dh O;oLFkk eqnzk&dks"k osQ lg;ksx ls dh tk ldh gSA bu dk;ks± osQ fy, eqnzk&dks"k osQ fo'ks"kKksa dks ,d
lIrkg ls ysdj ,d o"kZ rd lEcfU/r ns'kksa esa jguk iM+k gSA vÚhdk osQ oqQN ,sls ns'kksa esa Hkh] tks eqnzk&dks"k osQ
lnL; ugha gSa] osQUnzh; cSadksa dks eqnzk rFkk cSad uhfr fuekZ.k djus esa lg;ksx fn;k x;k gSA
(4) izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe (Training Programmes)
lu~ 1951 ls eqnzk&dks"k lnL; ns'kksa osQ izfrfuf/;ksa dks izf'k{k.k nsus dh O;oLFkk dj jgk gSA izf'k{k.k dk;ZØeksa esa
vUrjkZ"Vªh; Hkqxrku] vkfFkZd fodkl vkSj foÙkh; O;oLFkk rFkk vad&ladyu vkSj fo'ys"k.k ls lEcfUèkr
izf'k{k.k fn;k tkrk gSA izf'k{k.k vof/ izk;% 6 ls 12 ekl rd gksrh gSA izf'k{k.k izk;% osQUnzh; cSadksa rFkk ljdkj
osQ foÙk foHkkx osQ mPp inkf/dkfj;ksa osQ fy, gksrs gSa vkSj muesa ekSf[kd Hkk"k.kksa rFkk okn&fooknksa osQ vfrfjDr
leqfpr ek=kk esa O;kogkfjd izf'k{k.k fn;k tkrk gSA
dks"k izf'k{k.kky; (I.M.F. Training Institute)μdks"k dh izf'k{k.k fØ;kvksa dk foLrkj ,oa fodkl djus osQ
fy, ebZ 1963 esa ,d izf'k{k.kky; LFkkfir fd;k x;kA ;g fofHkUu Hkk"kkvksa esa foÙkh; uhfr fo'ys"k.k lEcUèkh
izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe lapkfyr djrk gSA
(5) i;kZoj.k osQ izfr tkx:drk (The Fund and the Environment)

;g eqnzk&dks"k dk uohure dk;Z gS fd mlus vkfFkZd uhfr;ksa osQ i;kZoj.k ij iM+us okys izHkko ij è;ku nsuk izkjEHk
fd;k gSA bls n`f"V esa j[kdj dks"k us 1991 esa egRoiw.kZ funsZ'k tkjh fd, ,oa ,sls dk;ks± osQ fy, Í.k nsus ls bUdkj
fd;k tkus yxk ftudk i;kZoj.k ij nq"izHkko iM+rk gSA bl lEcU/ esa dks"k us vU; vUrjkZ"Vªh; laLFkkvksa ls Hkh
lEioZQ LFkkfir fd;k gS tks i;kZoj.k osQ {ks=k esa 'kks/ dj jgh gSaA
(6) fo'o cSad ls lg;ksx LFkkfir djuk (Fund-Bank Collaboration)

eqnzk&dks"k ,oa fo'o cSad nksuksa gh vkfFkZd fodkl ,oa fLFkjrk (stability) c<+kus gsrq iz;kl djrs gSaA ;|fi nksuksa
osQ pkVZj osQ vuqlkj mudh fLFkfr fHkUu gS] fdUrq nksuksa ,d&nwljs osQ lg;ksx ls dk;Z djrs gSaA eqnzk&dks"k ,sls dk;ks±
osQ nqgjko ls cpus dk iz;kl djrk gS tks fo'o cSad }kjk fd, tkrs gSaA bl lEcU/ esa nksuksa laLFkkvksa us 1986 ls
funs'kd fl¼kUr cuk, gSa ftldh le;≤ ij leh{kk dh tkrh gSA
eqnzk&dks"k vU; lHkh vUrjkZ"Vªh; laxBuksa ls lg;ksx j[krk gS vkSj blosQ izfrfuf/ mudh okf"kZd lHkkvksa esa Hkkx
ysrs jgrs gSa ftlls dks"k lalkj esa gksus okys lc vkfFkZd ifjorZuksa osQ lEioZQ esa jgrk gSA
(7) fons'kh fofue; fu;U=k.k lEcU/h lykg (Advice on Exchange Controls)
eqnzk&dks"k vf/dkfj;ksa }kjk fodkl'khy ns'kksa dks fons'kh fofue; lEcU/h mfpr lykg nsus dh O;oLFkk gSA fons'kh
fofue; lEcU/h lykg nsrs le; izk;% eqnzk rFkk foÙk uhfr;ksa lEcU/h fopkj&foe'kZ gksrk gS vkSj muesa lq/kj djus
dk volj feyrk gSA
(8) lajpukRed lek;kstu lqfo/k (Structural Adjustment Facility)

vYi vk; okys lnL; ns'kksa dks fj;k;rh nj ij vfrfjDr Hkqxrku lUrqyu lqfo/k iznku djus dh n`f"V ls eqnzk&dks"k
us ekpZ 1986 esa lajpukRed lek;kstu lqfo/k LFkkfir dhA fnlEcj 1987 esa bl lqfo/k dk foLrkj fd;k x;k
vkSj xjhc ns'kksa dks 6 fcfy;u SDR osQ rqY; fj;k;rh lgk;rk iznku djus dk izko/ku j[kk x;kA bl lgk;rk dk

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