Page 304 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ,oa foÙk

uksV (1) vUrjkZ"Vªh; ekSfnzd lg;ksx dh LFkkiuk (Creation of International Monetary Co-
operation)μeqnzk&dks"k dk izFke mís'; lnL; ns'kksa esa eqnzk uhfr lEcU/h lg;ksx LFkkfir djuk gSA blosQ
fy, dks"k }kjk fo'ks"kKksa dk ,d ny j[kk tkrk gS tks vUrjkZ"Vªh; ekSfnzd leL;kvksa osQ lek/ku osQ fy,
le;≤ ij lq>ko nsrk gSA
(2) lUrqfyr vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dks c<+kok (Promotion of Balanced Growth of International
Trade)μf}rh; ;q¼dky esa lc ns'kksa }kjk vk;kr&fu;kZr ij izfrcU/ yxk fn, x, FksA vusd vkfFkZd ,oa
jktuhfrd dkj.kksa ls Hkh vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dh ek=kk esa cgqr deh gks xbZA dks"k osQ vuqlkj eqnzk&dks"k
dk dksbZ Hkh lnL; dks"k dh vuqefr fy, fcuk vUrjkZ"Vªh; ysu&nsu vFkok Hkqxrkuksa ij dksbZ cU/
u ugha yxk ldrkA bl izdkj vUrjkZ"Vªh; eqnzk dks"k dk mís'; vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dk lUrqfyr fodkl
djuk gSA
(3) fofue; LFkkf;Ro (Exchange Stability)μeqnzk&dks"k dk rhljk mís'; fofue; njksa esa LFkkf;Ro ykuk
gSA lnL; cuus osQ le; gh izR;sd ns'k dh fofue; nj SDR esa fu/kZfjr dj nh tkrh gSA (15 vxLr]
1971 ls iwoZ izR;sd lnL; ns'k dh eqnzk dh fofue;&nj Lo.kZ vkSj Mkyj esa fu/kZfjr dh tkrh Fkh) vkSj
izR;sd lnL; ml nj dks cuk, j[kus dh ps"Vk djrk gSA ;fn fdlh ns'k dh fofue;&nj fxjus dh vk'kadk
mRiUu gks tkrh gS rks eqnzk&dks"k u osQoy mls mfpr lykg }kjk fLFkfr dks laHkkyus esa enn djrk gS cfYd
mls vko';d eqnzk m/kj Hkh nsrk gSA
(4) cgqeq[kh Hkqxrku (Multilateral Payments)μvUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj rFkk ysu&nsu esa lcls cM+h ckèkk ;g
gS fd fofHkUu ns'kksa dh eqnzk,¡ vkil esa ifjorZu'khy ugha gSaA eqnzk&dks"k dh LFkkiuk osQ yxHkx 60 o"kZ
i'pkr~ Hkh vusd ns'kksa us fons'kh fofue; osQ ysu&nsu ij fu;U=k.k yxk j[ks gSaA bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd
cgqr&ls ns'kksa esa vk/kjHkwr (Fundamental) vkfFkZd dfBukb;k¡ gSaA
nwljh vksj] oqQN ns'k ,sls gSa ftudh vkfFkZd fLFkfr vPNh gS vkSj mudh vkfFkZd O;oLFkk esa dksbZ vk/kjHkwr deh
ugha gSA LoHkkor% ,sls ns'kksa }kjk fons'kh fofue; osQ ysu&nsu ij fu;U=k.k j[kuk vuqfpr gSA
eqnzk&dks"k us mi;qZDr ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks è;ku esa j[kdj gh viuk prqFkZ mís'; ;g j[kk gS fd og fofue; fu;U=k.kksa
dks /hjs&/hjs gVokdj ,slh vUrjkZ"Vªh; Hkqxrku O;oLFkk LFkkfir djus dk iz;Ru djsxk ftlesa izR;sd ns'k
vYidky ,d&nwljs dh eqnzk esa Hkqxrku Lohdkj djus dks rS;kj gks tk,¡A bl izdkj] vUrjkZ"Vªh; eqnzk dks"k
dk mís'; cgqi{kh; Hkqxrkuksa (Multilateral Payments) dh O;oLFkk LFkkfir djosQ fofue; izfrcU/ksa dks lekIr
djuk vFkok de djuk gSA
(5) vkfFkZd lgk;rk (Financial Assistance)μvUrjkZ"Vªh; eqnzk dks"k lnL; ns'kksa osQ izfrowQy Hkqxrku
lUrqyu dks Bhd djus osQ fy, vkfFkZd lg;ksx iznku djrk gSA ;g lg;ksx vYidkyhu Í.k nsdj (tks
fdlh Hkh eqnzk esa izkIr fd, tk ldrs gSa) fd;k tkrk gS ftlls lEcfU/r ns'kksa dks u osQoy vkfFkZd lgk;rk
gh feyrh gS cfYd vkfFkZd O;oLFkk Bhd djus osQ fy, ijke'kZ ,oa rduhdh lgk;rk Hkh feyrh
gSA bl izdkj vUrjkZ"Vªh; eqnzk dks"k dk mís'; lnL; ns'kksa osQ izfrowQy Hkqxrku lUrqyu dks Bhd
djus osQ fy, vkfFkZd lgk;rk iznku djuk gSA
(6) vlUrqyu dh vof/ rFkk ek=kk (Duration and Degree of Disequilibrium)μoqQN ns'kksa dh
vkèkkjHkwr vFkZO;oLFkk rks n`<+ gksrh gS] ijUrq fo'ks"k dkj.kksa ls mudk Hkqxrku lUrqyu fcxM+ tkrk gSA ;g
lUrqyu u rks rRdky Bhd djuk mfpr gh gS u lEHko ghA vr% eqnzk&dks"k leqfpr lgk;rk }kjk bls
'kh?kzkfr'kh?kz Bhd djus dk iz;Ru djuk gSA mlosQ iz;Ruksa ls lUrqyu dh vof/ vkSj ek=kk esa deh gks tkrh
gS ftlls ml ns'k dh vkfFkZd fLFkfr ij cgqr Hkkj ugha iM+us ikrkA bl izdkj vUrjkZ"Vªh; eqnzk dks"k
dk mís'; lnL; ns'kksa osQ izfrowQy Hkqxrku lUrqyu dh vof/ ,oa lEc¼ ?kkVs osQ ifj.kke dks
U;wure djus dk iz;kl djuk gSA

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