Page 91 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZ—7% vkUrj vkS|ksfxd O;kikj osQ mn~Hko osQ dkj.k ,oa ekiu---

gh fofue; fd;k tkrk Fkk rFkk eqnzk dk iz;ksx ugha gksrk Fkk] fdUrq tSls gh eqnzk dk iz;ksx vkjEHk gqvk] oLrqvksa uksV
vkSj lsokvksa dk fofue; izR;{k u gksdj eqnzk osQ ekè;e ls gksus yxkA ;gh dkj.k gS fd orZeku vFkZO;oLFkk dks
ekSfnzd vFkZO;oLFkk (Money Economy) dgrs gSaA bl O;oLFkk us O;kikj dks cgqr ljy rFkk lqfo/ktud cuk
fn;k gSA igys O;kikj ,d ns'k dh lhek osQ Hkhrj gh gksrk Fkk tks dkykUrj esa ns'k dh lhekvksa dks ikj dj fons'kh
O;kikj esa ifjo£rr gks x;kA

7-1 vkUrfjd O;kikj vFkok vkUrj vkS|ksfxd O;kikj osQ mn~Hko osQ dkj.k ,oa ekiu
(Causes of Emergence and Measurement of Intra Regional Trade or
Intra Industry trade)

;fn foLr`r vFkZ esa ns[kk tk;s rks O;kikj osQ vUrxZr mu lHkh vk£Fkd fØ;kvksa dk lekos'k gks tkrk gS ftudk
lEcU/ mRikfnr oLrqvksa osQ forj.k ls gksrk gSA oLrqvksa dk forj.k blfy, fd;k tkrk fd miHkksx osQ fy, budh
ekax dh tkrh gSA
O;kikj dks fuEufyf[kr nks Hkkxksa esa ckaVk tk ldrk gSμ
(i) vUr{ksZ=kh; O;kikj (Intra Industry)
(ii) varjkZԻh; vFkok fons'kh O;kikj (International of Foregin Trade)

(i) vkUrfjd O;kikjμvkUrfjd O;kikj ls rkRi;Z ml O;kikj ls gS tks fdlh ,d ns'k dh lhek osQ Hkhrj fofHkÂ
LFkkuksa vFkok {ks=kksa osQ chp fd;k tkrk gSA tSls ;fn dksbZ eè; izns'k dk O;kikjh xqtjkr osQ O;kikjh osQ lkFk O;kikj
djrk gS vFkok bUnkSj dk O;kikjh tcyiqj osQ O;kikjh osQ lkFk O;kikj djrk gS rks bls vkUrfjd O;kikj dgsaxsA
bls x`g O;kikj (Home Trade) vFkok vUr{ksZ=kh; O;kikj (Inter-regional Trade) Hkh dgrs gSaA izfl¼
vFkZ'kkL=kh gscjyj osQ vuqlkj] ¶x`g&O;kikj vFkok vUr{ksZ=kh; O;kikj dk vFkZ lk/kj.k rkSj ij ml {ks=k osQ Hkhrj
O;kikj gS ftldh le`f¼ esa lEcfU/r ljdkj dh vfHk#fp jgrh gS vFkok og ml ljdkj dh lhek esa vkrk gSA¸ 1
vUr{ksZ=kh; O;kikj vFkok vkUrfjd O;kikj dk lEcU/ ,sls O;kikj ls gS tks fdlh ,d ns'k dh lhek osQ vUnj
,d gh ns'k osQ nks {ks=kksa osQ chp fd;k tkrk gSA blosQ foijhr vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dk lEcU/ ,sls O;kikj ls gS
tks fo'o osQ nks ;k nks ls vf/d LorU=k jk"Vªksa osQ chp fd;k tkrk gSA bu nksuksa esa eq[; vUrj ns'k dh lhek dk
gS vFkkZr~ ns'k dh lhek osQ Hkhrj gksus okys O;kikj dks vkUrfjd O;kikj rFkk lhek osQ ckgj gksus okys O;kikj dks
vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dgrs gSaA gScjyj osQ 'kCnksa esa] ¶x`g O;kikj ,oa fons'kh O;kikj dh foHkktd js[kk ,d ns'k dh
lhek gksrh gSA bl lhek osQ vUnj gksus okyk O;kikj x`g O;kikj dgykrk gS tcfd bl lhek osQ ckgj fofHk ns'kksa
osQ chp gksus okyk O;kikj fons'kh O;kikj dgykrk gSA¸ bu nksuksa esa Hksn osQ vk/kj ij izfrf"Br vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa (,Me
fLeFk] fjdkMksZ] ts- ,l- fey] vkfn) us vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ i`Fkd fl¼kUr dk izfriknu fd;k tks rqyukRed
ykxr fl¼kUr (Theory of Comparative Costs) osQ uke ls fo[;kr gSA izks- vksgfy us izfrf"Br vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa
osQ bl fopkj dks xyr crk;k vkSj dgk fd vUr{ksZ=kh; O;kikj vkSj vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj esa dksbZ ekSfyd Hksn ugha
2
gSA mudh n`f"V esa ¶vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj vUr{ksZ=kh; O;kikj dh ,d fof'k"V n'kk gSA¸ bl izdkj vksgfyu
osQ fopkj esa vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ fy, fdlh i`Fkd fl¼kUr dh vko';drk ugha gSA bl fojks/h fopkj/kjk osQ
fo'ys"k.k ls iwoZ vUr{ksZ=kh; O;kikj ,oa vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj esa lekurk ,oa vlekurk osQ fcUnqvksa dk vè;;u fd;k
tkuk vko';d gSA

1. “Home trade means simple trade within that area, the prosperity of which interests the
government in question or is subject to it’s Jurisdiction.”
—Haberler G.V., The Theory of International Trade, p. 6.
2. International trade is but a special case of international trade.

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