Page 95 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZ—7% vkUrj vkS|ksfxd O;kikj osQ mn~Hko osQ dkj.k ,oa ekiu---

tks vkUrfjd O;kikj esa dHkh iSnk gks ugha gksrhA mDr leL;kvksa dk vè;;u vUrjkZ"Vªh; vFkZ'kkL=k osQ lUnHkZ uksV
esa djus dh vko';drk gS rFkk blh lUnHkZ esa budk gy Hkh [kkstk tkuk pkfg,A
D;k vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ fy, i`Fko~Q fl¼kUr dh vko';drk gS\ (Is There Need For
A Separate Theory of International Trade?)

vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ fy, i`Fko~Q fl¼kUr dh vko';drk osQ iz'u dks ysdj vFkZ'kkL=kh ,der ugha gSaA izfrf"Br
vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa dk oxZ vUr{ksZ=kh; O;kikj ,oa vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dks vyx&vyx ekurk gS vkSj vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj
osQ fy, ,d i`Fko~Q fl¼kUr dh odkyr djrk gSA blosQ foijhr izks- vksgfyu vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dks vUr{ksZ=kh;
O;kikj dh fof'k"V n'kk ekurs gSa vkSj er O;Dr djrs gSa fd vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ fy, fdlh i`Fko~Q fl¼kUr dh
vko';drk ugha gSA fu"d"kZ ij vkus ls igys nksuksa fopkj/kjkvksa dk foLr`r vè;;u fd;k tkuk vko';d gSA
(1) izfrf"Br vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa dk n`f"Vdks.k (The Classical View)μizfrf"Br vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa izeq[k :i ls
,Me fLeFk] fjdkMksZ] ts- ,l- fey] vkfn vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa dk fo'okl Fkk fd vkUrfjd vkSj vUrjkZ"Vªh;
O;kikj esa ekSfyd vUrj gksrk gSA bu vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa us ;g er O;Dr fd;k fd ,d ns'k osQ Hkhrj Je vkSj
iwath esa iw.kZ xfr'khyrk ik;h tkrh gS] fdUrq fofHk ns'kksa osQ chp Je vkSj iwath esa bl izdkj dh xfr'khyrk
ugha ik;h tkrhA bl xfr'khyrk osQ vHkko dks vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dk eq[; vk/kj Lohdkj fd;k x;kA blosQ
vfrfjDr] fofHk jk"Vªh; uhfr;ka] fofHk jktuhfrd bdkb;ka] pyu&eku esa fHkÂrk rFkk fHk O;kikfjd
uhfr;ka] tSls rVdj] fofue; fu;U=k.k] dksVk iz.kkyh] vkfn ,sls rRo gSa tks vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dks jk"Vªh;
;k x`g O;kikj ls i`Fko~Q dj nsrs gSaA bl vk/kj ij mDr vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa us ;g fu"d"kZ fudkyk fd ,d ns'k
esa oLrqvksa osQ fofue; osQ fy, nks n'kk,a ykxw ggksrh gSa os vUrjkZ"Vªh; fofue; esa ykxw ugha gksrh vr%
vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ fy, ,d i`Fko~Q fl¼kUr dh vko';drk gSA
(2) vksgfyu dk n`f"Vdks.k (Ohlin’s View)μLohMu osQ vFkZ'kkL=kh izks- c£Vy vksgfyu us izfrf"Br
vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa osQ bl er dks pqukSrh nh gS fd vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ fy, i`Fko~Q fl¼kUr dh vko';drk
gS rFkk bl er dk izfriknu fd;k gS fd vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ fy, i`Fko~Q fl¼kUr dh dksbZ vko';drk
ugha gSA vkUrfjd vkSj vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj esa lekurk crkrs gq, vksgfyu dgrs gSa fd ¶vUrjkZZ"Vªh;
1
O;kikj vUr{ksZ=kh; O;kikj dh osQoy ,d fof'k"V n'kk gSA¸ bl vk/kj ij os dgrs gSa fd rqyukRed
ykxr dk fl¼kUr osQoy vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj gh ykxw ugha gksrk oju~ lHkh izdkj osQ O;kikjksa ij ykxw gksrk
gS pkgs og ,d ns'k osQ fofHk {ks=kksa osQ chp gks vFkok nks fHk jk"Vªksa osQ chp gksA vksgfyu osQ vuqlkj] vUrjkZ"Vªh;
,oa vUr{ksZ=kh; O;kikj dh foHksnd fo'ks"krk,a ,d ns'k osQ fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa Hkh fn[kkbZ ns ldrh gSaA

Je ,oa iwath dh xfr'khyrk dk vHkko osQoy vUrjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij gh ugha ik;k tkrk
cfYd ;g vHkko ,d ns'k osQ fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa ik;k tk ldrk gSA

vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fl¼kUrksa dks vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ij ykxw djrs gq, vksgfyu dgrs gSa fd ;fn ek'kZy osQ ewY; fl¼kUr
osQ ^le; rRo* (Time Elements) dks ^LFkku rRo* (Space Element) esa ifjo£rr dj fn;k tk;s rks bls ewY;
fl¼kUr dks ljyrk ls vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ij ykxw fd;k tk ldrk gSA muosQ er esa] ¶vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ
fy, LFkku&rRo esa egRoiw.kZ gS vkSj ewY;&fl¼kUr esa bl ij iw.kZ fopkj fd;k tkuk pkfg, rFkk bldk
foLrkj ,d ls vf/d lEcfU/r cktkjksa ij fd;k tkuk pkfg,A¸
vk£Fkd thou esa ^LFkku&rRo* osQ nks egRoiw.kZ igyw gSaμ

1. “International trade is but a special case of inter-regional trade.” —B. Ohlin.

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