Page 93 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZ—7% vkUrj vkS|ksfxd O;kikj osQ mn~Hko osQ dkj.k ,oa ekiu---

blosQ lkFk ;g Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd ,d ns'k esa fdlh oLrq dh dher dh izo`fÙk mldh ykxr osQ cjkcj uksV
gksus dh jgrh gSA D;ksafd ;fn dher] ykxr ls Åaph jgrh gS rks ml m|ksx esa] vU; m|ksxksa ls lk/uksa
dk izokg gksrk gS ftlls oLrq dh iw£r c<+ tkrh gS vkSj dher ?kVdj ykxr osQ cjkcj gks tkrh gS] fdUrq
nks ns'kksa esa lk/uksa esa xfr'khyrk osQ vHkko osQ dkj.k oLrq dh ykxr vkSj dher esa fofHkfÂrk jg ldrh gSA
(2) cktkjksa dh i`Fkdrk (Separate Markets)μvkUrfjd vkSj vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj esa nwljk vUrj ;g gS fd
nksuksa osQ cktkjksa esa i`Fkdrk ik;h tkrh gSA ,d ns'k osQ fofHk cktkjksa esa Hkk"kk] jhfr&fjokt] vknr] uki&rkSy
vkSj #fp;ksa esa og Hksn ugha ik;k tkrk tks nks fons'kh cktkjksa esa jgrk gSA bl dkj.k fons'kh cktkj] ns'k
osQ cktkj ls i`Fko~Q gks tkrk gSA

cktkjksa dh i`Fko~Qrk osQ fo"k; esa ,d egÙoiw.kZ rF; ;g gS fd ,d ns'k osQ fofHk {ks=kksa esa Hkh vUrj
fo|eku jgrs gSa vr% bu nksuksa esa iw.kZ vUrj u gksdj osQoy ek=kk dk vUrj gSA

(3) lewg dh fHkÂrk (Different Groups)μvkUrfjd vkSj vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj esa rhljk Hksn ;g gS fd ns'k
osQ Hkhrj gksus okyk O;kikj leku yksxksa osQ lewg osQ chp gksrk gS tcfd fons'kksa ls gksus okyk O;kikj fofHkÂ
lewgksa osQ chp gksrk gSA ,d ns'k esa vk£Fkd&lkekftd okrkoj.k esa lekurk yksxksa esa leku lewgksa dk
fuekZ.k djrh gS tcfd nks fofHk ns'kksa esa mDr {ks=k esa vlekurk vleku lewg fu£er djrh gSA blhfy,
izsQMfjd fyLV dgrs gSa fd ¶vkUrfjd O;kikj gekjs chp gksrk gS rFkk vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj gekjs
vkSj muosQ chp gksrk gSA¸ 1
(4) jktuhfrd bdkb;ksa dh fHkÂrk (Difference in Political Units)μjk"Vªh; vFkok vkUrfjd O;kikj ,d
ns'k osQ Hkhrj gksrk gS tks jktuhfrd :i ls ,d LorU=k ,oa izHkqrk okyh bdkbZ gksrh gSA bldk vFkZ ;g
ugha gS fd ,d ijrU=k ns'k osQ Hkhrj gksus okys O;kikj dks vkUrfjd O;kikj ugha dgsaxsA dgus dk rkRi;Z
bruk Hkj gS fd og lEiw.kZ {ks=k ,d ljdkj osQ v/hu jgrk gS tcfd vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj nks ,sls ns'kksa
osQ chp gksrk gS ftudh ljdkjsa vyx&vyx gksrh gSaA ,d ns'k dh ljdkj fons'kh ukxfjdksa dh rqyuk esa]
vius ns'k osQ ukxfjdksa osQ fgrksa vkSj dY;k.k dk izeq[krk nsrh gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd dHkh&dHkh jk"Vªh;
fgrksa vkSj vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj esa la?k"kZ gksrk gS rFkk jk"Vªh; fgrksa dh j{kk dh tkrh gS] Hkys gh mlls fons'kh
fgrksa dh {kfr igqaprh gksA

(5) fHk jk"Vªh; uhfr;ka vkSj gLr{ksi (Different National Pollicies and Intervention)μ,d ns'k osQ
vkUrfjd O;kikj] m|ksx] okf.kT; vkSj dj&fu/kZj.k lEcU/h dkuwu vkSj uhfr;ka leku jgrh gSa] fdUrq
fofHk ns'kksa osQ chp ,slh O;kikfjd uhfr;ksa vkSj dkuwuksa esa dkiQh Hksn gksrk gSA ,d ns'k osQ vkUrfjd O;kikj
esa ljdkj izk;% gLr{ksi ugha djrh ysfdu fons'kh O;kikj djrs le; ljdkj rV&dj uhfr] vH;a'k iz.kkyh
vkSj fofue; vkfn lEcU/h dbZ izdkj osQ gLr{ksi djrh gSA blls dbZ izdkj dh leL;kvksa dk tUe gksrk
gS rFkk eqDr vFkok LorU=k O;kikj osQ vUrxZr ykxw gksus okys ewY; fl¼kUr dks] ge gLr{ksi okyh
O;kikfjd uhfr;ksa ij ykxw ugha fd;k tk ldrkA fHk jk"Vªh; uhfr;kas dks vkUrfjd vkSj vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj
dk dkj.k crkrs gq, izks- gSjM dgrs gSa fd ¶,d ns'k osQ ukxfjdksa osQ fy, jk"Vªh; vkSj LFkkuh; dj iz.kkyh]
LokLF;] iSQDVjh laxBu] f'k{kk vkSj lkekftd lqj{kk lEcU/h fu;e ,dleku gksrs gSa rFkk O;kikfjd
1
dk;Z&iz.kkyh Hkh ,d gksrh gSA¸ bl izdkj ljdkj }kjk iznÙk lqfo/kvksa vkSj ykHkksa osQ vk/kj ij nks ns'kksa
esa okLrfod ykxr esa vUrj jg ldrk gSA
1. “Domestic trade is among us, international trade is between us and them.”
—Quoted by Kindleberger, International Economies, p. 14

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