Page 98 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ,oa foÙk

uksV fiQj ,d gh jk"Vª esa nks izdkj dh pyu eqnzk ik;s tkus osQ mnkgj.k ekStwn gSa tSls LorU=krk ls iwoZ gSnjkckn
fj;klr dh pyu iz.kkyh 'ks"k Hkkjr ls fHkUu Fkh rFkk bu eqnzkvksa esa fofue; Hkh gksrk FkkA ;gh dkj.k gS
fd cgqr&ls vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa us fons'kh fofue; dh leL;k dks vUrjkZ"Vªh; ,oa vkUrfjd O;kikj osQ chp Hksn
dk i;kZIr vk/kj ugha ekukA vksgfyu osQ vuqlkj] ¶lokZf/d egRoiw.kZ Hksn jk"Vªh; vkSj vUrjkZ"Vªh;
O;kikj esa djus dk ugha gS oju~ ,d cktkj osQ fy, ewY; osQ fl¼kUr ,oa fofHk cktkjksa osQ fy,
ewY; osQ fl¼kUr dk gSA¸ 1
(4) vkUrfjd vkSj vUrjkZ"Vªh; fofue; nksuksa vny&cny gh gSaμoLrq fofue; osQ vk/kj ij Hkh vkUrfjd
vkSj vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj esa Hksn djuk mfpr ugha gS D;ksafd nksuksa izdkj osQ O;kikjksa esa oLrq fofue; dk
Lo:i ik;k tkrk gSA ;g ckr nwljh gS fd eqnzk dh mifLFkfr us fofue; dks lqfo/ktud vkSj ljy cuk
fn;k gSA izks- osQuu (E. Canon) osQ vuqlkj] ¶gesa vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ lEcU/ esa ;g tksj nsus dh ew[kZrk
NksM+ nsuh pkfg, fd og okLro esa oLrq&fofue; gSA ;fn eqnzk dks ckgj dj fn;k tk;s rks leLr O;kikj
oLrq&fofue; gh jg tkrk gSA eqnzk dk gLr{ksi oLrq&fofue; dks Ø;&foØ; esa ifj.kr dj nsrk gS rFkk
vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj esa ge ,d eqnzk osQ LFkku ij nks eqnzkvksa dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA¸
fu"d"kZ

izks- vksgfyu osQ vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ i`Fko~Q fl¼kUr osQ fojks/ esa tks roZQ fn;s gSa] muosQ vk/kj ij dgk tk
ldrk gS fd tks fl¼kUr vkUrfjd ;k vUr{ksZ=kh; O;kikj ij ykxw gksrs gSa] ogh vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ij Hkh ykxw
gksrs gSa vr% blosQ fy, i`Fko~Q fl¼kUr dh vko';drk ugha gSA blh vk/kj ij vksgfyu us viuh iqLrd ‘Inter-
regional and International Trade’ osQ ifjf'k"Vkad 3 esa izfrf"Vr vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa osQ rqyukRed ykxr fl¼kUr dh dVq
vkykspuk dh gSA vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ fy, fofHk eqY; fl¼kUr dk fojks/ djrs gq, vksgfyu dgrs gSa fd tks
ewY; lEcU/h fl¼kUr ,d ns'k osQ fofHk {ks=kksa osQ chp O;kikj dk fo'ys"k.k djrk gS ogh fl¼kUr fofHk ns'kksa
osQ chp O;kikj dh Hkh O;oLFkk djrk gSA vr% ewY; dk lkekU; lUrqyu dk fl¼kUr (General Equilibrium
Theory of Price) tks ns'k osQ Hkhrj O;kikj dh O;k[;k djrk gS] vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dks le>kus osQ fy, Hkh i;kZIr
gSA gScjyj osQ vuqlkj] ¶vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj fl¼kUr dks lkekU; lUrqyu fl¼kUr dk ,d fof'k"V iz;ksx le>uk
pkfg,A¸
vksgfyu us jktuhfrd lhekvksa dks Hkh O;kikj dk vk/kj Lohdkj ugha fd;k gSA muosQ vuqlkj fofHk ns'k oLrqr%
nks {ks=kksa osQ leku gSa tks jktuhfrd lhekvksa] rVdj ck/kvksa] Hkk"kk] jhfr&fjokt] bR;kfn osQ vk/kj ij i`Fko~Q fd;s
tkrs gSa] fdUrq ;s ck/k,a LFkk;h ugha jgrh bfrgkl crkrk gS fd le;≤ ij ns'k dh jktuhfrd lhekvksa esa
ifjorZu gqvk gSA Hkkjr ls cekZ vkSj ikfdLrku osQ i`Fko~Q gks tkus osQ ckn gekjs ns'k dh lhek cny x;h gSA ns'kksa
osQ chp gVdj ;k iz'kqYd ck/k,a Hkh gVk nh x;h gSa tSls ;wjksfi;u lk>k cktkj osQ ns'kksa osQ chp gVdj ;k iz'kqYd
ck/k,a ugha gSaA bl O;k[;k osQ vuqlkj vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj] ,d izdkj ls vUr{ksZ=kh; O;kikj gh gSA
;|fi vksgfyu us {ks=k vkSj ns'k es lekurk LFkkfir dh gS] fdUrq fuEu nks ckrsa esa {ks=k vkSj jk"Vª esa fHkÂrk gks
ldrh gSμ
(i) vk£Fkd n`f"V ls leku nks {ks=k] jktuhfrd n`f"V ls nks i`Fko~Q ns'k gks ldrs gSaA tSls foHkktu osQ i'pkr
if'peh caxky Hkkjr ns'k dk vax gS tcfd iwohZ caxky ikfdLrku osQ v/hu gks x;k tks vc caxykns'k
gSA vk£Fkd ,oa lkekftd n`f"V us bu nksuksa {ks=kksa esa dkiQh lekurk gSA vksgfyu us ;g Li"V fd;k gS fd
,sls nks leku {ks=k okys ns'kksa esa jktuhfrd lhekvksa dh vis{kk] ikjLifjd&fuHkZjrk vkSj vk£Fkd fgrksa dh
vf/d lehirk gksrh gSA
1. “The most important distinction to be made is not between the theory of international Com-
merce and that of national commerce but between a theory of prices for a single market and
a theory.

92 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY