Page 99 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZ—7% vkUrj vkS|ksfxd O;kikj osQ mn~Hko osQ dkj.k ,oa ekiu---

(ii) nwljh fHkÂrk osQ vk/kj ij ,d cM+s ns'k esa dbZ {ks=k gks ldrs gSa ftuesa mRifÙk osQ lk/uksa dh iw£r esa fHkÂrk uksV
jgrh gSA tSls Hkkjr ljh[ks fo'kky ns'k esa iatkc] egkjk"Vª] fcgkj] rfeyukMq] vkfn dbZ {ks=k gSa ftuesa cgqr
vlekurk,a gSaA
{ks=k vkSj ns'k esa mDr fHkÂrk dks Lohdkj djrs gq, gh vksgfyu us dgk gS fd ¶vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj]
vUr{ksZ=kh; O;kikj dh osQoy ,d fof'k"V n'kk gS¸ bl izdkj dk;Ziz.kkyh osQ vk/kj (Methodological
ground) ij vksgfyu us vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ i`Fko~Q fl¼kUr dh vko';drk dks vLohdkj dj fn;k ysfdu]
pwafd mUgksaus bls ,d fof'k"V n'kk ekuk gS vUrjkZ"Vªh; vFkZ'kkL=k osQ :i O;kikj dk vè;;u mlh rjg fo'ks"k :i
esa fd;k tkuk pkfg, ftl izdkj vFkZ'kkL=k esa vusd 'kk[kkvksa dk fo'ks"k vè;;u fd;k tkrk gS_ tSls ekSfnzd
vFkZ'kkL=k] jktLo] vkS|ksfxd vFkZ'kkL=k] bR;kfnA
(ii) vUrkZ"Vªh; O;kikjμvUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dk vFkZ ml O;kikj ls gS ftlosQ vUrxZr nks ;k nks ls vf/d jk"Vªksa
osQ chp oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa dk fofue; fd;k tkrk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] ;fn Hkkjr dk O;kikj fczVsu vFkok
vejhdk osQ lkFk fd;k tkrk gSA mnkjg.k osQ fy,] ;fn Hkkjr dk O;kikj fczVsu vFkok vejhdk osQ lkFk fd;k tkrk
gS rks ;g vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj gksxkA bls cká O;kikj (External Trade) vFkok fons'kh O;kikj (Foregin Trade)
Hkh dgrs gSaA
x`g O;kikj vkSj fons'kh O;kikj dh foHkktu js[kk ,d ns'k dh lhek gksrh gSA ml lhek osQ Hkhrj gksus okyk O;kikj
x`g O;kikj gksrk gS rFkk lhek osQ ckgj fofHk ns'kksa osQ lkFk fd;k tkus okyk O;kikj fons'kh O;kikj dgykrk gSA¸
orZeku esa vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ns'kksa osQ fy, vko';d gks x;k gSA bldk izeq[k dkj.k ;g gS fd izk;% lc ns'kksa
us HkkSxksfyd fof'k"Vhdj.k dks viuk fy;k gS D;ksafd rduhdh fodkl vkSj oSKkfud vkfo"dkj osQ dkj.k
fof'k"Vdhj.k dk {ks=k dkiQh O;kid gks x;k gSA blosQ vuqlkj izR;sd jk"Vª osQoy mUgha oLrqvksa dk mRiknu dj
jgk gS ftuesa og lokZf/d oqQ'ky gS vkSj ftudh rqyukRed ykxr de gS vFkkZr~ og viuh vko';drkvksa dh
iw£r djuk pkgrk gS rks mls viuh oLrqvksa dk fu;kZr djuk gksxk rFkk fons'kksa ls vko';d oLrqvksa dk vk;kr djuk
gksxkA ,YloFkZ dk rks ;gka rd dguk gS fd cgqr&ls ns'kksa osQ fy, rks vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj thou vFkok e`R;q dk
iz'u cu x;k gSA orZeku le; esa vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dh vko';drk dks izn£'kr djus okys fcUnqvksa esa izeq[k gSaμ
(1) Je&foHkktuμns'kksa esa c<+rs gq, Je&foHkktu osQ dkj.k fons'kh O;kikj vko';d gks x;k gS D;ksafd
tks ns'k oqQN fo'ks"k oLrqvksa dk mRiknu djrk gS] og mudk fu;kZr djuk pkgrk gS rFkk mlosQ cnys
vius fy, vko';d oLrqvksa dks fons'kh ls vk;kr djuk pkgrk gSA ;g fons'kh O;kikj osQ ekè;e ls
gh lEHko gSA
(2) dPps eky dh miyfC/μoqQN ns'kksa osQ ikl e'khusa vkSj rduhdh Kku rks miyC/ gksrk gS] fdUrq
vkS|ksfxd mRiknu djus osQ fy, i;kZIr dPpk eky ugha gksrkA ;fn os mRiknu djuk pkgrs gSa rks fons'kksa
lss dPpk eky vk;kr djuk vko';d gS tks fons'kh O;kikj ls gh lEHko gSA fczVsu us fons'kh O;kikj dh
lgk;rk ls gh fons'kh ls i;kZIr ek=kk esa dPpk eky vk;kr dj vkS|ksfxd mRiknu dk usr`Ro fd;k gSA
(3) izkÑfrd lk/uksa dk iw.kZ iz;ksxμfons'kh O;kikj blfy, Hkh vko';d gS fd ns'k osQ izkÑfrd lk/uksa
dk mfpr iz;ksx fd;k tk losQA bu lk/uksa dk Js"Bre iz;ksx rHkh lEHko gS tc vf/dre mRiknu gks
rFkk vf/dre mRiknu dk vkSfpR; mlh le; gS tc vfrfjDr eky dk fu;kZr fd;k tk losQA fons'kh
O;kikj osQ ekè;e ls izpqj izkÑfrd lk/uksa dk fu;kZr djuk lEHko gksrk gS rFkk ns'k esa lhfer iw£r okys
izkÑfrd ,oa vU; mRifÙk lk/uksa dk vk;kr djuk vklkuk gks tkrk gSA
(4) fons'kh izfr;ksfxrk osQ fy,μfons'kh O;kikj blfy, Hkh vko';d gS fd ns'k osQ m|ksx fons'kh m|ksxksa ls
izfrLi¼kZ dj losaQA izfr;ksfxrk osQ vHkko esa ;g lEHko gS fd ns'k osQ m|ksxksa esa ,dkf/dkj dh izo`fÙk iuius
yxs tks fd ns'k osQ fy, ?kkrd gSA ;g fooknkLin gS fd vk£Fkd fodkl dh fdl voLFkk esa ns'k osQ m|ksxksa

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