Page 104 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ,oa foÙk

uksV (5) oqQy mRiknu esa o`f¼ (Increase in The Total Production)μfons'kh O;kikj dk ;g izHkko Hkh gksrk gS
fd oqQy mRiknu esa o`f¼ gks tkrh gSA ,d fuf'pr le; esa mRifÙk osQ lk/uksa dk oqQy ewY; mu oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa
osQ cjkcj jgrk gS tks mu lk/uksa }kjk iSnk dh tkrh gSaA tc vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj izkjEHk gksrk gS rks fof'k"Vhdj.k
osQ dkj.k miyC/ lk/uksa dk vf/d ferO;;rk osQ lkFk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS ftlls mRiknu esa oqQ'kyrk dh o`f¼
gksrh gS vr% mUgha mRifÙk osQ lk/uksa }kjk vc igys ls vf/d ek=kk esa mRiknu fd;k tkrk gSA vU; 'kCnksa esa] vf/
d mRiknu osQ lUnHkZ esa vc lk/uksa dk ewY; c<+ tkrk gSA

(6) fo'o ekax ij izHkko (Effect on World Demand)μvUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dk oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa dh
ekax ij nks rjg ls izHkko gksrk gSA ,d rks O;kikj osQ dkj.k yksxksa dh vk; esa o`f¼ gksrh gS ftlls oLrqvksa
vkSj lsokvksa dh ekax c<+rh gSA nwljs] yksxksa dh ekax osQ Lo:i esa Hkh ifjorZu gksrk gS rFkk yksx u;h oLrqvksa
dh ekax djus yxrs gSa D;ksafd mudh #fp rFkk bPNkvksa esa ifjorZu gksrk gSA oqQy feykdj ns'k dh oLrqvksa
dh ekax ij Hkh bldk izHkko iM+rk gSA bl izdkj fons'kh O;kikj fofHk ns'kksa esa oLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa dh ekax
dks dkiQh izHkkfor djrk gS
(7) jkstxkj ij izHkko (Effect on Employment)μvUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ vUrxZr jkstxkj dh rkRdkfyd
izo`fÙk rks ;g gksrh gS fd mldh ek=kk ?kVus yxrh gS D;ksafd O;kikj ls osQoy fu;kZr m|ksxksa dks gh izksRlkgu feyrk
gS rFkk ns'k osQ vU; m|ksxksa ij izfrowQy izHkko iM+us ls ogka jkstxkj dh ek=kk ?kVus yxrh gSA ;|fi fu;kZr m|ksxksa
esa jkstxkj dh ek=kk c<+rh gS] fdUrq mldh rqyuk esa vU; m|ksxksa esa csjkstxkjh vf/d iSQyrh gSA fdlh Hkh fiNM+s
gq, ns'k esa vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dk izkjfEHkd izHkko ;gh gksrk gS] fdUrq tSls&tSls fu;kZr m|ksxksa dk fodkl gksrk
gS jkstxkj dh ek=kk esa Hkh o`f¼ gksus yxrh gSA
vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj rqyukRed ykxr ij vk/kfjr gS ftlosQ vuqlkj ,d jk"Vª mUgha oLrqvksa osQ mRiknu es
fof'k"Vhdj.k djrk gS ftuesa mls lkisf{kd ykHk vf/dre gksrk gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa izR;sd ns'k dk mRiknu&{ks=k
vyx gksxkA vr% fof'k"Vhdj.k osQ iQyLo:i ns'kksa es lg;ksx dh Hkkouk mRi gksuh pkfg,] fdUrq okLrfod fLFkfr
;g gS fd ns'kksa esa izfr;ksfxrk gksrh gS ,oa muosQ fgrksa esa la?k"kZ gksrk gSA blls ns'kksa osQ chp dVq oSeuL; dh Hkkouk
iSQyrh gS ftlls dHkh&dHkh ;q¼ dh fLFkfr Hkh vk tkrh gSA vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj esa izfr;ksfxrk mRiUu gksus osQ fuEu
dkj.k gSa%
(1) fof'k"Vhdj.k izfØ;k dk vo#¼ gksukμvusd ns'kksa esa ,sls cgqr&ls dkj.k mifLFkr gksrs gSa ftlls
fof'k"Vhdj.k dk fl¼kUr iw.kZ:i ls dk;kZfUor ugha gks ikrkA fof'k"Vhdj.k mlh le; lEHko gS tc iw.kZ:i
ls LorU=k O;kikj gks] fdUrq ,slk ugha gks ikrkA vk£Fkd jk"Vªokn dh Hkkouk ls izsfjr gskdj cgqr&ls jk"Vª
,sls mik;ksa dk lgkjk ysrs gSa ftuesa LorU=k vUrjkZ"Vªh; fofue; esa dfBukb;ka ,oa ck/k,a mifLFkr gksrh
gSa] tSls vk;kr dj] dksVk iz.kkyh] fofue; fu;U=k.k] bR;kfnA bl dkj.k O;ogkj esa fof'k"Vhdj.k ugha gks
ikrk rFkk fofHk ns'kksa esa izfr;ksfxrk gksus yxrh gSA
(2) leku oLrqvksa dk mRiknuμvUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ls tks rqyukRed ykHk gksrk gS] mls lc ns'k egRo ugha
nsrs vkSj u gh dksbZ ns'k bl ckr dk nkok dj ldrk gS fd fdlh fo'ks"k oLrq osQ mRiknu esa mlus vU;
lc ns'kksa dh rqyuk esa Js"Brk izkIr dj yh gSA okLrfod fLFkfr rks ;g gS fd izR;sd ns'k ,sls mik;ksa dh
[kkst esa yxk jgrk gS ftlesa mlosQ fu;kZrksa esa vf/dre o`f¼ gks losQA vkt cgqr&ls ns'k izk;% leku
oLrqvksa dk mRiknu dj jgs gSa vr% vUrjkZ"Vªh; cktkjksa esa muosQ dM+h izfr;ksfxrk cuh jgrh gSA
(3) O;kikj esa ck/k,aμvusd ckj oqQNsd ns'kksa esa ,slh ck/k,a [kM+h dj nh tkrh gSa ftuesa izfr;ksfxrk dk tUe
gksrk gS] tSls rV&dj dh ck/k,a] ifjogu O;;] vkfn] ;s Hkh lc ns'kksa esa leku Hkh ugha gksrha ftlls

1. “Trade change the quality of the people, teaches them to consume new things and to use old
things in new ways. Technical Knowledge is largely the result of specialisation which trade
has made possible. The character, not only of so called technical labour but also of skilled and
unskilled labour is affected.” —Bertil Ohlin

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