Page 100 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ,oa foÙk

uksV dks fons'kh m|ksxksa ls izfr;ksfxrk djus nsuk pkfg,A izsQMfjd fyLV osQ vuqlkj tc rd ns'k osQ m|ksx
iw.kZ:i ls fodflr ugha gks tkrs] mUgsa fons'kksa ls izfr;ksfxrk ugha djus nsuk pkfg,A
(5) miHkksDrkvksa osQ fy, oLrqvksa dh miyfC/μvUrjkZZ"Vªh; O;kikj blfy, Hkh vko';d gS fd miHkksDrkvksa
dk fo'o osQ cktkj ls vko';d oLrq,a lLrs nkeksa ij miyC/ gks losaQA fons'kh O;kikj us miHkksDrkvksa dh
#fp;ksa dks fofo/ ,oa lEi cuk fn;k gSA
blosQ vfrfjDr vkSj Hkh vusd dkj.k gSa ftlls fons'kh O;kikj vko';d gks x;k gSA budh foLrkj ls ppkZ fons'kh
O;kikj osQ ykHk osQ vUrxZr dh tk;sxh D;ksafd budk lEcU/ ykHkksa ls vf/d gSA gSjksM osQ fopkj esa ¶ftl izdkj
Je&foHkktu osQ fy, fofue; vko';d gksrk gS] mlh izdkj tc Je&foHkktu ns'k dh lhek dks yka?k tkrk gS
rks fons'kh O;kikj vko';d gks tkrk gSA ;g vUrjkZ"Vªh; Je&foHkktu dks vko';d ifj.kke gSA¸ 1
vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dk egRo (Importance of International Trade)

vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dk egRo fnuksa&fnu c<+rk tk jgk gS rFkk blh dkj.k ns'kksa esa vkilh lg;ksx Hkh c<+ jgk gSA
;g ugha dgk tk ldrk fd izR;sd ns'k osQ fy, vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dk leku egRo gksrk gS D;ksafd ftl ns'k esa
oqQy mRiknu esa vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dk Hkkx vf/d gksrk gS mlosQ fy, fons'kh O;kikj dk egRo vf/d gksrk gS
rFkk tgka fons'kh O;kikj dk Hkkx de gksrk gS] ogka mldk egRo de gksrk gSA fiQj Hkh oqQN u oqQN egRo rks
vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dk izR;sd ns'k osQ fy, gksrk gh gSA
fdlh ns'k osQ fy, vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dk vk£Fkd egRo] vkUrfjd O;kikj osQ leku gh gS vFkkZr~ thou&Lrj esa
o`f¼ djukA lR; rks ;g gS fd fons'kh O;kikj osQ vHkko esa u rks vf/d yksx bruh izlÂrk ls thou;kiu dj
ldrs Fks] u bruh vf/d fofo/ vko';drkvksa dh iw£r dj ldrs Fks vkSj u bruk mPp thou&Lrj fcrk ldrs
Fks ftruk fd vkt lEHko gks ldk gSA ;fn fons'kh O;kikj u gksrk rks la;qDr jkT; vesjhdk osQ yksxksa dks vusd
oLrqvksa_ tSls pk;- dkWiQh] pkdysV] osQyk] bR;kfn osQ miHkksx ls oafpr jguk iM+rkA fons'kh O;kikj dk Li"V egRo
rks ;g gS fd blosQ ekè;e ls fons'kksa ls ,slh oLrqvksa dk vk;kt fd;k tk ldrk gS ftUgsa ns'k esa iSnk ugha fd;k
tk ldrk vFkok ftu oLrqvksa dk mRiknu ns'k esa Åaph ykxr ij fd;k tk ldrk gS] mUgsa de ykxr ij fons'kksa
ls vk;kr dj ldrs gSaA izks- ,YloFkZ osQ 'kCnksa esa] ¶vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj vf/d yksxksa osQ jgus] vf/d fofo/
vko';drkvksa dh iw£r djus ,oa mPp thou&Lrj dks lEHko cukrk gS tks vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ vHkko esa lEHko
ugha gksrkA¸ 2
vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dk egRo osQoy lLrh vkSj fofo/ oLrqvksa dks miyC/ djkus rd gh lhfer ugha gS oju~ ns'k
esa vk£Fkd fodkl dks xfr'khy cukus esa bldh egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk gSA cgqr&ls vFkZ'kkL=kh bl ckr dks Lohdkj djrs
gSa fd chloha lnh dk vk£Fkd fodkl eq[;r% vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ dkj.k lEHko gks ldk gSA ;fn ;wjksi esa fons'kh
O;kikj osQ ekè;e ls fons'kksa ls [kk|k vkSj dPps eky dk vk;kr lEHko u gqvk gksrk rks ogka tks vkS|ksfxd Økafr
gqbZ] og ;k rks gksrh gh ugha ;k cgqr gh lhfer jgh gksrhA izks- fe;j (Meier J. M.) osQ vuqlkj] ¶vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj
us ,sls vusd ns'kksa osQ fodkl dks vkxs c<+kus dk dk;Z fd;k gS tks vkt fo'o osQ lokZf/d le`¼ ns'k le>s tkrs
gSaA fczVsu dk vk£Fkd fodkl Åuh rFkk lwrh diM+ksa osQ fu;kZr osQ dkj.k] LohMu dk ydM+h osQ O;kikj ls] MsuekoZQ
dk Ms;jh osQ fu;kZr }kjk rFkk tkiku dk js'ke osQ O;kikj ls gqvk gS-------izkFkfed oLrqvksa dk mRiknu djus okys

1 “As exchange in general is necessitated by the division of labour, so foreign trade appears
when the division of Labour is pushed beyond national fornitiers. It is the necessary conse-
quence of an International Division of Labour.”
—Harrod, International Economics, p. 7.
2 “International trade permits more people to live, to gratify more varied tastes and to enjoy a
higher standard of living than would be possible in it’s absence.”
—Ellsworth, The International Economy, New York, 1958, p. 3.

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