Page 97 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZ—7% vkUrj vkS|ksfxd O;kikj osQ mn~Hko osQ dkj.k ,oa ekiu---

¶rqyukRed ykxr dk fopkj osQoy vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dh gh fo'ks"krk ugha gS cfYd bls ,d uksV
vk£Fkd bdkbZ osQ vUrxZr jgus okys O;fDr;ksa ij Hkh ykxw fd;k tk ldrk gSA¸ ,toFkZ
(Edgeworth) osQ fl¼kUr dh vko';drk ugha gSA
(2) Je vkSj iwath dh xfr'khyrk dk lEcU/μvksgfyu dk dguk gS fd mRifÙk osQ lk/uksa esa xfr'khyrk
dk vHkko fofHk ns'kksa esa gh ugha] ,d ns'k oQ fofHk {ks=kksa esa Hkh ik;k tkrk gSA gscjyj osQ vuqlkj]
¶,d ns'k dh lhekvksa osQ Hkhrj Hkh okLrfod iwath dks ,d mRiknu&{ks=k ls nwljs mRiknu&{ks=k rd rRijrk
ls LFkkukUrfjr ugha fd;k tk ldrk vkSj ,d gh ns'k osQ ,d {ks=k ls nwljs {ks=k rd iwathxr oLrqvksa osQ
1
ifjogu dh ykxr dHkh&dHkh nks ns'kksa osQ chp gh ifjogu dh ykxr ls vf/d gksrh gSA¸ ts- bZ- osQ;jUl
(J. E. Cairnes) osQ vuqlkj] ¶;g dguk lR; ugha gS fd mRifÙk osQ lk/u ns'k esa iw.kZ xfr'khy rFkk
fofHk ns'kksa esa iw.kZ vxfr'khy gksrs gSaA¸ mUgksaus xSj&izfr;ksxh lewgksa (Non-Competitive Group)

dh O;k[;k dh vkSj crk;k fd ftl izdkj nks ns'kksa esa xSj&izfr;ksxh lewg gksrs gSa vFkkZr~ buesa vkil esa
dksbZ izfr;ksfxrk ugha gksrh mlh izdkj ,d ns'k esa Hkh ,sls xSj&izfr;ksxh lewg gksrs gSa ftuesa xfr'khyrk ugha
gksrhA (mnkgj.k osQ fy,] [ksfrgj etwnj vius LFkkuksa dks NksM+dj [kkuksa vFkok dkj[kkuksa esa dke djuk
ilUn ugha djrs vFkkZr~ bu nksuksa LFkkuksa esa Jfedksa osQ nks lewg jgrs gSa ftuesa izfr;ksfxrk ugha gksrhA blosQ
vfrfjDr] ,d gh ns'ks esa etnwjh osQ vyx&vyx Lrj rFkk C;kt dh njksa esa fHkÂrk dk ik;k tkuk bl
ckr dk izek.k gS fd ,d gh ns'k esa Je vkSj iwath esa xfr'khyrk ugha ik;h tkrhA ;g Hkh dgk tk ldrk
gS fd ,d ns'k esa Hkk"kk] tkfr] tyok;q vkSj lkekftd jhfr&fjoktksa esa bruh fHkÂrk jgrh gS fd mlosQ
dkj.k Jfedksa esa xfr'khyrk dk vHkko ik;k tkrk gSA eè; izns'k dk Jfed] nf{k.k Hkkjr dh vkSj bUgha
dkj.kksa ls xfr'khy ugha gks ikrk D;ksafd bu nksuksa {ks=kksa esa Hkkjh fHkÂrk gSA)

vkxs pydj izks- vksgfyu us bl ckr dks Hkh Li"V fd;k gS fd nks ns'kksa esa Je vkSj iwath esa xfr'khyrk
ik;h tkrh gS vFkkZr~ mUgksaus izfrf"Br vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa osQ bl er dk [k.Mu fd;k fd nks ns'kksa esa Je vkSj
iwath vxfr'khy gksrs gSaA izks- fofy;El (J. H. Williams) osQ vuqlkj] ¶dHkh&dHkh ns'k dh lhekvksa
osQ ckgj cM+s iSekus ij mRifÙk osQ lk/uksa esa xfr'khyrk ik;h tkrh gSA¸ izfrf"Br vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa us Hkh
bl lR; dks LOkhdkj fd;kA ,Me fLeFk us tula[;k osQ mRizoklu (Emigration) osQ egRo dks
izfrikfnr fd;k rFkk ts- ,l- fey us bl rF; dks Lohdkj fd;k fd ns'kksa esa iwath vf/d xfr'khy
vkSj lkoZHkkSfed gks jgh gSA
bl izdkj tgka rd ,d gh ns'k esa Je vkSj iwath xfr'khy ugha gks ikrs] ogha nks ns'kksa esa Je vkSj iwath
esa vxfr'khyrk ik;h tkrh gSA vksgfyu osQ vuqlkj] ¶ns'kksa osQ chp lk/uksa dh xfrghurk osQoy
lkisf{kd gS D;ksafd vuqowQy voljksa ij ;gh lk/u vU; ns'kksa dks xfr'khy gks tkrs gSa¸ vr% izfrf"Br
vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa }kjk izfrikfnr lkèku xfr'khyrk osQ vk/kj ij vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ i`Fko~Q fl¼kUr dh
vko';drk ugha gSA
(3) fofHk eqnzkvksa osQ pyu dk lEcU/μizfrf"Br vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa us vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ i`Fko~Q fl¼kUr dk
vkSfpR; blfy, izfrikfnr fd;k D;ksafd nks ns'kksa esa fofHk pyu iz.kkyh jgrh gS rFkk tc muesa O;kikj
gksrk gS rks fofue; nj dk iz'u mifLFkr gksrk gS tks fd ,d ns'k osQ Hkhrj ugha gksrkA ijUrq vksgfyu
us bl er dks Lohdkj ugha fd;kA muosQ vuqlkj mDr iz'u i`Fko~Q fl¼kUr osQ fy, i;kZIr ugha gS D;ksafd
nks ns'kksa osQ chp fofue; dh nj LorU=k u gksdj ns'k dh vkUrfjd Ø;&'kfDr ls izHkkfor gksrh gS vkSj

1. “Even within the bounds of a single country, real capital cannot readily be transferred from
one line of production to another and further the cost of transportation of capital goods from
one part of a country to another is sometimes much greater than from one country to an-
other.” —Haberler, The Theory of International Trade, p. 5.

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 91