Page 96 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ,oa foÙk

uksV (i) mRifÙk osQ lk/u lkekU; :i ls oqQN LFkkuksa rd lhfer jgrs gSaA
(ii) oLrqvksa osQ LorU=k izokg esa ifjogu ykxr ,oa vU; ck/d rRoksa ls xfrjks/ iSnk gksrk gSA
bl izdkj xfr'khyrk vFkok vxfr'khyrk dk iz'u LFkku ls lEcfU/r gSA vksgfyu dk er gS fd mRifÙk osQ lkèku
fo'ks"k LFkkuksa esa lhfer u gksdj ftyksa esa fLFkr jgrs gSaA ftyk gksus osQ fy, fuEu nks 'krks± dk gksuk t:jh gSμ
(v) ftyksa esa i;kZIr fHkÂrk gksuh pkfg,] vkSj
(c) ,d ftys osQ Hkhrj de fHkÂrk gksuh pkfg,A

vksgfyu us bu nks 'krks± dks iwjk djus okys ftys dks ,d {ks=k (Region) dgk gS ftldk mudh O;k[;k esa egRoiw.kZ
LFkku gSA bl vk/kj ij ;fn ge bl fl¼kUr dks Lohdkj djrs gSa fd mRifÙk osQ lk/u ,d {ks=k osQ Hkhrj xfr'khyrk
gksrs gSa rFkk fofHk {ks=kksa esa muesa xfr'khyrk dk vHkko gksrk gS rks ge {ks=kh; O;kikj dk :ikUrj vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj
esa dj ldrs gSa vFkkZr~ vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ fy, i`Fko~Q fl¼kUr dh vko';drk ugha jg tkrhA bl izdkj vksgfyu
dk fu"d"kZ gS fd ¶,d cktkj osQ fl¼kUr osQ fodkl osQ vUrxZr] lkekU; ewY; fl¼kUr osQ ,dhÑr vax osQ :i
esa vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ fl¼kUr dk lekos'k fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj blfy, vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ fy, i`Fko~Q
fl¼kUr dh vko';drk ugha gSA¸ 1
vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ i`Fko~Q fl¼kUr osQ fojks/ esa vksgfyu osQ roZQ (Ohlin’s Arguments
Against a Separate Theory of International Trade)

izks- vksgfyu us izfrf"Br fopkj/kjk vFkkZr~ vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ fy, i`Fko~Q fl¼kUrksa dh vko';drk dks
vkSfpR;ghu ekuk vkSj bl fopkj/kjk osQ fojks/ esa fuEukafdr roZQ izLrqr fd;sμ
(1) rqyukRed ykxr dk lEcU/μizfrf"Br vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa osQ vuqlkj vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dk vkèkkj rqyukRed
ykxr dk vUrj gS] fdUrq vksgfyu dk dFku gS fd rqyukRed ykxr dk fl¼kUr osQoy vUrjkZ"Vªh;
O;kikj ij gh ykxw ugha gksrk oju~ vkUrfjd O;kikj esa Hkh ykxw gksrk gSA tc ,d ns'k osQ nks {ks=kksa esa vkil
esa nks oLrqvksa dk O;kikj gksrk gS rks nksuksa {ks=kksa bu nksuksa fofHk oLrqvksa dk mRiknu blfy, djrs gSa D;ksafd
mudh rqyukRed ykxr de gksrh gSA blh rF; dks nks O;fDr;ksa ij ykxw djrs gq, Lo;a MsfoM fjdkMksZ
(David Ricardo) dgrs gSa fd ¶nks O;fDr twrk vkSj Vksi cukus esa og vius izfr;ksxh dh rqyuk esa 20
1
izfr'kr vf/d oqQ'ky gS tcfd twrk cukus esa 33 izfr'kr vf/d oqQ'ky gSA D;k ;g nksuksa osQ fgr
3
2
esa ugha gksxk fd Js"B O;fDr osQoy twrksa dk mRiknu djsa rFkk voqQ'ky O;fDr Vksi cuk;sA¸ bl lUnHkZ
esa vksgfyu dk er gS fd ¶{ks=k ,oa jk"Vª ,d&nwljs osQ lkFk fof'k"Vhdj.k vkSj O;kikj mUgha dkj.kksa ls
djrs gSa ftuosQ dkj.k O;fDr fof'k"Vhdj.k vkSj O;kikj djrs gSaA oqQN O;fDr vius fof'k"V LoHkko osQ
dkj.k fdlh dk;Z osQ fy, nwljksa dh rqyuk esa vf/d mi;qDr gksrs gSaA ,d O;fDr vPNk ckxoku gks ldrk
gS] nwljk vPNk f'k{kd rFkk rhljk Js"B MkWDVj gks ldrk gSA ckxoku voqQ'ky f'k{kd fl¼ gksxk rFkk
f'k{kd v;ksX; MkWDVj fl¼ gksxkA bl izdkj fof'k"Vhdj.k dk ykHk Li"V gSA ;gka rd fd ;fn izR;sd
O;fDr ;ksX;rk esa lekuk gksrk rks Hkh fof'k"Vhdj.k ykHknk;d gksrk gSA¸
mi;qZDr foospu ls ;g Li"V gS fd vius fo'kq¼ :i esa rqyukRed ykxr dk fl¼kUr vUr{ksZ=kh; O;kikj
ij Hkh ykxw gksrk gSA rqyukRed ykxr dk fl¼kUr ml gj ekeys esa ykxw gksxk tgka vxfr'khyrk ik;h
tkrh gS pkgs og nks fofHk ns'kksa esa gks vFkok ,d ns'k osQ nks fofHk {ks=kksa esa gksA isjsVks (Pareto) osQ vuqlkj]
1. “The Development of the concept of the one market theory can include the theory of interna-
tional trade as an integral part of the general price theory and that therefore there is no need
for a saparate theory of international trade.”
—Harrod, International Economics, p. 7.
2. David Ricardo, Principles of Political Economy (Every man’s Edition), p. 83.

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