Page 94 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ,oa foÙk

uksV (6) pyu iz.kkyh esa fHkÂrk (Difference in Cuurency Systme)μvkUrfjd vkSj vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj esa
izeq[k vUrj ;g gksrk gSA fd tgka vkUrfjd O;kikj esa ,dleku eqnzk iz.kkyh gksrh gSA ogha nks fHk ns'kksa
esa fHkÂ&fHk pyu iz.kkyh gksrh gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd vUrjkZZ"Vªh; O;kikj esa fons'kh fofue; vkSj fofue;
dh nj dk iz'u mifLFkr gksrk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] tc rfeyukMq vkSj eè; izns'k esa O;kikj gksrk gSA
rks fofue; dh bdkbZ #i;k gh gksrh gS] fdUrq tc Hkkjr vkSj baxyS.M osQ chp O;kikj gksrk gS rks ;g
iz'u mifLFkr gksrk gS fd ikS.M vkSj #i;s osQ chp fofue; dh D;k nj gks\ fofHk ns'k fofue; osQ lEcUèk
esa vyx&vyx uhfr;ka viukrs gSa tks ?kjsyw O;kikj vkSj fons'kh O;kikj esa vlekurk dks tUe nsrh gSA
(7) HkkSxksfyd nwjh (Geographical Distance)μoqQN yksx bl vk/kj ij Hkh vkUrfjd vkSj vUrjkZ"Vªh;
O;kij esa Hksn djrs gSa fd vkUrfjd O;kikj dh nwjh de gksrh gSA tcfd vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj esa vfèkd
nwjh gksrh gS] fdUrq nksuksa izdkj osQ O;kikj esa Hksn djus dk ;g dksbZ 'kfDr'kkyh roZQ ugha gSA ;g lEHko
gS fd de nwjh gksus ij Hkh O;kikj dh izÑfr vUrjkZ"Vªh; Lrj dh gks ,oa vf/d nwjh gksus ij Hkh O;kij]
vkUrfjd gksA tSls dydÙkk vkSj <kdk esa gksus okyk O;kikj vUrjkZ"Vªh; gksxk rFkk dydÙkk vkSj cEcbZ
osQ chp gksus okyk O;kikj vkUrfjd gksxk tcfd igys dh rqyuk esa nwljs dh nwjh vf/d gSA
(8) ifjogu dh leL;k (Problem of Transportation)μvkUrfjd O;kikj esa ifjogu dh leL;k dfBu
ugha gksrh D;ksafd ns'k osQ Hkhrj ljdkj }kjk bldh O;oLFkk dh tkrh gS rFkk blesa dksbZ O;o/ku Hkh mifLFkr
ugha gksrk] fdUrq fons'kksa esa gksus okyk O;kikj izk;% ty vFkok ok;q ekxZ ls gh gksrk gS ftlesa ykxr vkSj
tksf[ke nksuksa leL;k,a iSnk gksrh gSaA fiQj] eky osQ ifjogu esa dbZ izdkj dh jktuhfrd leL;k,a Hkh iSnk
gksrh gSaA ifjogu osQ fy, ;fn ,d ns'k }kjk] nwljs ns'k dh lhek dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS rks mldh
iwoZ&vuqefr ysuk vko';d gSA
(9) vUrjkZ"Vªh; HkkSfnzd lg;ksx dh leL;k (Problem of International Monetary Co-
operation)μvkUrfjd O;kikj esa ekSfnzd lg;ksx dh dksbZ vko';drk ugha gksrh D;ksafd ,dleku eqnzk
iz.kkyh gksus ls dksbZ dfBukbZ mifLFkr ugha gksrh] fdUrq tc vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj gksrk gS rks ;g vko';d
gksrk gS fd fofHk ns'kksa osQ ekSfnzd O;ogkj esa lekurk gksA mlosQ fy, fofHk ekSfnzd laLFkkvksa dk gksuk
vko';d gks tkrk gS] tSls vUrjkZ"Vªh; eqnzk dks"k] vUrjkZ"Vªh; foÙk fuxe] bR;kfnA
(10) thou&Lrj esa fHkÂrk (Difference in the Standard of Living)μvkUrfjd vkSj vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj esa
fHkÂrk dk ,d vk/kj ;g gS fd vkUrfjd O;kikj osQ vUrxZr ,sls mRikndksa osQ chp esa oLrqvksa dk fofue;
fd;k tkrk gS ftuosQ thou&Lrj esa lekurk gksrh gS tcfd vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj esa ,sls mRikndksa osQ chp
oLrqvksa dk fofue; fd;k tkrk gS ftuosQ thou&Lrj esa fHkÂrk gksrh gSA vkUrfjd O;kikj osQ fo'ys"k.k
esa ;g ekU;rk gS fd ,dleku dk;Z djus okys yksxksa esa leku thou&Lrj dh izo`fÙk gksrh gS tcfd
vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj esa bl izdkj dh ekU;rk ugha jgrhA blosQ vk/kj ij izks- gSjM dk dFku gS fd ¶;g
Li"V gS fd mDr nks izdkj osQ fofue;ksa osQ O;ogkj vkSj izÑfr dks fu/kZfjr djus okys fl¼kUrksa dks oqQN
vFkks± esa fHk gksuk pkfg,A¸ 2

(11) vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dh oqQN fof'k"V leL;k,a (Some Specific Problems)μvUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dh
oqQN fof'k"V leL;k,a gksrh gSa_ tSls vUrjkZ"Vªh; rjyrk dh leL;k] vUrjkZZ"Vªh; ekSfnzd lg;ksx dh leL;k,a]
vUrjkZ"Vªh; laxBuksa_ tSls ;wjksfi;u lk>kk cktkj bR;kfn dk mn~Hko] vUrjkZ"Vªh; iwath dk vkokxeu] bR;kfn

1. “The citizens of one country are subject to the same system of national and local taxation to
the same regulation for health, factory organisation, education and social insurance, the same
commercial code.” —Harrod, International Economics, p. 7.
2. “It is clear that principles which determine the course and nature of these two kinds of
interchange must be in some respects different” —Harrod, op. cit., p. 6.

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