Page 102 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ,oa foÙk

uksV vkarj&m|ksx O;kikj fof'k"Vhdj.k vkSj c<+ jgs Je&foHkktu osQ dkj.k gksrk gS tks cktkj osQ vkdkj ij fuHkZj djrk
gSA rhoz vk£Fkd fodkl vkSj fo'o vFkZO;oLFkk osQ Hkwe.Myh; osQ lkFk vkarj&m|ksx O;kikj eè;orhZ vkSj vfUre
oLrqvksa esa iSQy x;k gSaA ;g Åaph ifjogu ykxrksa osQ dkj.k lhek&O;kikj (Border Trade) osQ :i esa rFkk iQyksa
,oa lfCt;ksa dh Åaph HkaMkj.k ykxrksa osQ dkj.k ekSleh O;kikj osQ :i esa ns'kksa osQ chp foLr`r gqvk gSA
vkarj&m|ksx O;kikj blfy, gksrk gS D;ksafd ns'kh ,oa fons'kh iQeks± dh ,dleku oLrq osQ mRiknu es ,dkf/dkj
jgrk gS rks O;kikj gksus ls izfr;ksfxrk gksrh gS ftlls nksuksa iQeks± osQ mRikn dh dhersa de gks tkrh gSa vkSj ykHk
dh lhek ?kV tkrh gSaA blosQ iQyLo:i ,dkf/dkjh iQeks± dks gkfu gksrh gS] ijUrq nksuksa ns'kksa osQ miHkksDrkvksa dks
ykHk gksrk gSA
vkarj&m|ksx O;kikj osQ fuEufyf[kr ykHk gSμ
(1) ,slk O;kikj nksuksa ns'kksa esa cgqr fdLe dh oLrq,a miyC/ djkrk gSA O;kikj dk foLrkj gksus ls mRikndksa
dks cM+s iSekus dh ferO;f;rkvksa osQ ykHk izkIr gksrs gSa ftlesa oLrqvksa dh ykxrsa ,oa dhersa de gks tkrh
gSA nksuksa ns'kksa osQ miHkksDrkvksa dks lLrh vkSj xq.koÙkk okyh oLrq,a miyC/ gksrh gSa] ijUrq ykHk ek£tu cgqr
?kV tkus ls oqQN mRiknd cUn dj m|ksx dks NksM+ tkrs gSaA
(2) oLrq foHksnhdj.k ls ,d NksVk ns'k iSekus dh ferO;f;rkvksa vkSj fof'k"Vhdj.k }kjk ,d cM+s ns'k ls de
dher ij oLrq,a csp ldrk gS vkSj bl rjg vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ls ykHk izkIr dj ldrk gSA
(3) vkarj&m|ksx O;kikj leku lk/u lEiUurkvksa rFkk leku vkdkj osQ nks ns'kksa osQ chp O;kikj dh ek=kk
es o`f¼ djrk gSA

(4) foHksnhÑr oLrqvksa ij vk/kfjr O;kikj mRiknu ykxrksa dks de djus osQ fy, fofHkUu ns'kksa esa iqtks± osQ
mRiknu vkSj muosQ tqVkus esa o`f¼ djrk gSA blls cgqjk"Vªh; fuxeksa }kjk iqtks± osQ O;kikj esa o`f¼ gqbZ gSA

vkarj&m|ksx O;kikj osQ lEcU/ esa cks lksMLVsZu (Bo Sodersten) us bafxr fd;k gS fd] ¶vkarj&O;kikj dh
foospukvksa esa fo'ks"k :i ls leLr vk vkaf'kd oLrq foHksnhdj.k] iSekus dh ferO;f;rk,a] ,dkfèkdkjkRed
vFkok vYikf/dkjkRed O;ogkj] cgqjk"Vªh; dEifu;ksa dk dk;Zdj.k vkfn lfEefyr gksrs gSaA
fo'o dh vFkZO;oLFkk ij O;kikj osQ fofHk izHkko gksrs gSaA ;|fi oqQN izHkkoksa dk vè;;u ge fons'kh O;kikj osQ
ykHkksa osQ vUrxZr dj pqosQ gSa] fdUrq blosQ oqQN izHkko ,sls gSa ftudk i`Fko~Q :i ls vè;;u fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
eq[; izHkko fuEu izdkj gSμ
(1) mRifÙk osQ lk/uksa dh dherksa esa lekurk (Equalisation of Factor Prices)μtc fons'kh O;kikj gksrk
gS rc fofHk ns'kksa esa mRifÙk osQ lk/uksa dh dherksa esa lekurk dh izo`fÙk dks ysdj vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa dh fopkj/kjk
esa vUrj gSA oqQN vFkZ'kkL=kh mRifÙk osQ lk/uksa dh dherksa esa iw.kZ lekurk dh izo`fÙk dks O;Dr djrs gSa rks oqQn
vkaf'kd lekurk dh izo`fÙk dksA izks- vksgfyu dk er gS fd LorU=k O;kikj ls lk/uksa dh dherksa esa iw.kZ lekurk
LFkkfir ugha gksrhA blosQ foijhr] lseqvylu dk er gS fd oqQN fo'ks"k ekU;rkvksa osQ vUrxZr O;kikj djus okys
nksuksa ns'kksa esa okLrfod lk/uksa dh dher fcYoqQy leku gksus dh izo`fÙk jgrh gSA ;s ekU;rk,a bl izdkj gSaμ
(i) osQoy nks ns'k gSa rFkk izR;sd ns'k nks oLrqvksa dk mRiknu dj jgk gSA
(ii) izR;sd oLrq dk mRiknu nks lk/uksa dh lgk;rk ls fd;k tk jgk gS rFkk izR;sd oLrq dk mRiknu iQyu
mRifÙk lerk fu;e osQ vUrxZr gSA
(iii) ;fn osQoy fdlh ,d lk/u esa o`f¼ dh tkrh gS] rks mldh lhekur mRikndrk fxjrh gSA
(iv) nksuksa ns'kksa esa nksuksa lk/u xq.kksa esa leku gSaA
(v) nksuksa ns'kksa esa oLrqvksa dh iw.kZ xfr'khyrk gS] vkSj

(vi) izR;sd ns'k nksuksa oLrqvksa dh oqQN u oqQN ek=kk dk mRiknu djrk gSA

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