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f;fynkoEh dk ftek; ns/ f;ybkJh f;Zfynk gqfeqnk
B'N fNZuk j[zdk j?, gozs{ fJ; nfXnB dk nkXko wB[Zyh fttjko B{z th pDkfJnk iKdk j?.
gfjbK wB'ftfrnkB dh ;jkfJsk s'A gP{nK d/ fttjko dk gq:'rkswe nfXnB (Experimental
Study) eo fbnk iKdk j? ns/ pknd ftZu wB[Zyh fttjko d/ Bkb gP{ fttjko dh s[bBk eoe/
wB[Zy dk nfXnB eoB ftZu ;cbsk gqkgs eo bJh iKdh j?. wB[Zyh fttjko ;[Gkfte
(Natural) ns/ nofis iK f;ZyD:'r Acquired or learned) d' gqeko dk j[zdk j?. fJBQK d'jK
gqeko d/ fttjkoK dk nfXnB nkX[fBe wB'ftfrnkB ftZu ehsk iKdk j?.
fJ; gqeko wB'ftfrnkB dk ;o{g nfXnswtkd (Spiritualism) s'A jNke/ wB[Zy ns/ gP{ d/
fttjko s/ e/Afdqs j'fJnk.
eh s[;hA ikDd/ j' nkgD/ P[o{nksh ;w/A ftZu wB'ftfrnkB dk nfXnB doPBPk;so dh fJZe
Pkyk d/ o{g ftZu ehsk iKdk ;h. ;zB 1879 ftzu ftfb:w t[zN B/ iowBh
d/ „fbgfir‟ ftPtftfdnkbk ftZu wB'ftfrnkB dh gfjbh gq:'rPkbk
;Ekfgs ehsh ns/ fJ; d/ Bkb jh wB'ftfrnkB j'bh^j'bh doPBPk;so s'A
nbZr j' frnk.
1H3 wB'ftfrnkB fJZe ftfrnkB (Psychology is a Science)
wB'ftfrnkB gP{ ns/ wB[Zy d/ fttjko d/ nfXnB dk fJZe ftfrnkB j?. fJ; B{z j[D sZe
ftfrnkB dk ;EkB gqkgs j' u[Zek j?. fit/A P[ZX ftfrnkB (Pure Science) ftZu gq:'rK
(Experiments d/ nkXko s/ fBPfus f;XKs ns/ fB:w eZY/ iKd/ jB, T[;h soQK wB'ftfrnkB
ftZu fttjko^;zpzXK fB:wK ns/ f;XKsK dk fBo{gD eo fbnk frnk j?. fJjBK jh fB:wK ns/
f;XKsK d/ nkXko s/ wB[Zyh fttjko dk nfXnB ehsk iKdk j?. fJjBK d/ jh nkXko s/
fttjkoK d/ ekoBK dh y'i eo bJh iKdh j? ns/ fttjko d/ G{s (Past) ns/ GftZy (Future)
dh ;zGktBktK dk gsk th brkfJnk iKdk j?. wB'ftfrnkB e'o/ fuzsB (Thinking) dk ftPk
BjhA j?, fJ; ftZu sK gq:'rkswe (Experimental) fijhnK ftfrnkBe gZXshnK dk ;jkok b?
e/ gqwkD fJeZm/ ehs/ iKd/ jB. wB[Zy nkgD/ tksktoD (Environment) d/ T[s/ie
(Stimulants) d/ gqsh i' nB{feqnktK (Responses) do;kT[Adk j? T[jBK dk jh nfXnB
wB'ftfrnkB d[nkok ehsk iKdk j?, fJ; gqeko n;hA efj ;ed/ jK, ^ “wB'ftfrnkB wB[Zy
fttjko ns/ tksktoD ftZu ;fEs T[s/ie d/ gqsh wB[Zy d[nkok do;kJh rJh nB[feqnktK d/
nfXnB dk ftfrnkB j?.
n;b ftZu wB'ftfrnkB wB[yh fttjko dk ftfrnkB j?. fJ; B{z gdkoE (Material Science)
BjhA wzfBnk ik ;edk. fJ; B{z gqfeqsh ftfrnkB (Natural Science) th fejk ik ;edk j?.
wB'ftfrnkB (Psychology) ns/ gdkoE ftfrnkB (Material Science) ftZu fJZe ftP/ ns/
w"fbe nzso j?. gdkoE ftfrnkB ftZu gdkoE T[Zs/ jo/e gqeko dk fB:zsoD (Control)
oZfynk ik ;edk j?, ns/ gq:'rPkbk ftZu wB'ftfrnkBe gqhyD eoe/ ;cbsk gqkgs ehsh ik
;edh j?. fJ;d/ T[bN wB'ftfrnkB ftZu gdkoE d/ ;EkB s/ fJZe nfijk wB[Zyh ftPk
(Subject j[zdk j? fi; s/ gdkoE dh soQK fB:zsoD BjhA ehsk ik ;edk. wB[Zyh^fdwkr dk
g{oD fB:zsoD oZyDk ;zGt BjhA j[zdk. fdwkr dh d'V T[Zs/ fB:zsoD BjhA j' gkT[Adk. T[j
B:{:koe dh ;'udk j? sK gb Go ftZu T[j ghfezr dh ;'uD brdk j?. i/eo fe;h dh rZb
;[BD ftZu T[j ftn;s j? sK fJedw jh wB ftZu e'Jh j'o rZb x[zwD brdh j?. fJ; gqeko
wB[Zyh fdwkr T[Zs/ gdkoEK dh soQK fB:zsoD BjhA j[zdk. fJj jh ekoB j? fe wB'ftfrnkB d/
gq:'rK d/ cb;o{g id'A wkBf;e fttjko dk nfXnB ehsk iKdk j? iK fdwkr^;zpzXh fB:w ns/
f;XKsK B{z o{g fdZsk iKdk j? sK T[jBK ftZu nB[wkB (Inferences) ns/ ;zGktBktK
(Probabilities) io{o jh ofjzdhnK jB. fJ; bJh wB'ftfrnkB G"fse ftfrnkB
(Physics) ns/ o;kfJD ftfrnkB (Chemistry) dh soQK P[ZX ftfrnkB (Pure Science)
j?.
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