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fJekJh^1L wB'ftfrnkB d/ ;o{g, PkyktK ns/ ;zgodk

B'N

B'N; wB'ftfrnkB d/ gq:'rK d/ cb;o{g id wkBf;e fttjko dk nfXnB ehsk iKdk j? iK
fdwkr ;zpzXh fB:w ns/ f;XKs B{z o{g fdZsk iKdk j? sK T[jBK ftZu nB[wkB iK
;zGktBktK io{oh ofjzdhnK jB. fJ; bJh wB'ftfrnkB G"fse ftfrnkB ns/ o;kfJD dh
soQK P[ZX ftfrnkB BjhA j?.

gdkoE ftfrnkB ns/ wB'ftfrnkB ftZu d{ik nzso fJj j? fe gdkoE ftfrnkB ftZu
;otftnkgesk (Universality) gkJh iKdh j?, idfe wB'ftfrnkB ftZu ftneshrssk
(Individualness) ns/ ftneshrs cK;b/ (Individual Differences) ofjzd/ jB. T[dkjoD d/
bJh, id'A wB'ftfrnkBe wB[Zyh fttjko dk gq:'rPkbk ftZu nfXnB eodk j? sK T[;dk ftPk
„ftnesh^ftP/P‟ dk fdwkr j[zdk j? fi; s'A T[;d/ fttjko ;zukfbs j[zd/ jB.

i/eo fJ; ftnesh d/ ;EkB s/ d{ik ftnesh gqhyD iK nfXnB d/ bJh fbnkfJnk ikJ/ sK T[;
T[Zs/ ehsk frnk nfXnB gfjbK d/ nfXnB d/ ;wkB BjhA j't/rk. fJ;h gqeko i/eo ftfrnkBe
jkEh T[Zs/ gq:'r eodk j? sK T[j ;ko/ wB[ZyK dh jkEh d/ gqsh j'D tkbh gqshfeqnktK d/y/rk ns/
nkw fB:w eZY bJ/rk, gozs{ id wB'ftfrnkBe jkEh d/ gqsh ftnesh dh gqshfeqnk dk nfXnB
eo/rk sK T[;B{z ftnesh^ftnesh dh tZy^tZy gqshfeqntK dk nfXnB eoBk j'J/rk. T[jBK d/
nkXko s/ T[j e'Jh T[fus fB:w eZY BjhA gkJ/rk.

wB'ftfrnkB gqfeosh ftfrnkB dhnK fsZB gqw[Zy ftXhnK^BohyD (Observation), gqhyD
(Experimentation) ns/ toDB (Description) B{z ngBkT[Adk j?. fJ; bJh T[j th fJZe gqfeofse
ftfrnkB j?. T[j id'A ftnesh iK t;s{^ftP/P dk nfXnB eoDk j? sK T[j ftfrnkBe ftXhnK
dk T[g:'r eodk j?. wB'ftfrnkB ftZu doPBPk;so (Philosophy) BhshPk;so iK
;"Ado:Pk;so (Ethics or Aesthetics) dh soQK e/tb f;XKse nkdoPtkd dh uouk BjhA j[zdh.
1H4 wB'ftfrnkB dhnK PkyktK (Branches of Psychology)

T[d/PK B{z fXnkB ftZu oZyd/ j'J/ wB'ftfrnkB B{z d' gqw[Zy PkyktK ftZu tzfvnk ik ;edk j?L^
(1) ;kXkoD wB'ftfrnkB (Normal or General Psychology)
(2) n;kXkoD wB'ftfrnkB (Abnormal Psychology)
;kXkoD wB'ftfrnkB ftZu wB[Zy ns/ gP{ d/ ;ko/ fttjkoK dk ftfrnkBe nfXnB ehsk iKdk j?,
gozs{ n;koXkoD wB'ftfrnkB (Abnormal Psychology) ftZu wB[Zy dh nt;Ek iK n;kXkoD
nt;Ek dk nfXnB ehsk iKdk j?. fJj d'B' PkyktK nZr/ uZbe/ j'o T[g^PkyktK (Sub-
branches) ftZu tzv fdZshnK rJhnK jB. fit/A ;kXkoD wB'ftfrnkB B{z P[ZX ftneshrs
(Individual), ;kw{fje (Group), ;wkfie (Social) ns/ fttjkfoe (Applied) nkfd T[g^PkyktK
ftZu tzv fdZsk frnk j?. n;kXkoD (Abnormal) wB'ftfrnkB B{z e/tb ftneshrs
(Individual) ns/ ;kw{fje (Group) wB'ftfrnkBK ftZu tzfvnk frnk j?. fJBQK T[g^PkyktK d/
fJbktk th fJjBK dhnK j'o T[g^PkyktK fBebdhnK jB fiBQK dk fJZE/ toBD BjhA ehsk ik
;e/rk.

fttjkfoe wB'ftfrnkB (Applied Psychology) Bkb fJj jh ekoi-y/so gqGkfts j'J/ jB. fit/A
fttjkfoe wB'ftfrnkB d/ nzsors f;Zfynk wB'ftfrnkB (Educational Psychology),
T[d:'fre wB'ftfrnkB (Industrial Psychology), Xkofwe wB'ftfrnkB (Religious
Psychology) nkfd T[g^PkyktK jB. fJZE/ n;hA f;Zfynk wB'ftfrnkB T[Zs/ ftuko eoKr/.

wB'ftfrnkB dh f;Zfynk (Schools of Psychology)

f;Zfynk ns/ wB'ftfrnkB ftZu v[zxk ;zpzX j?, fJ; ftP/ T[Zs/ gfjb/ nfXnkfJnK ftZu gqekP
gkfJnk frnk j?. wB'ftfrnkB d[nkok ;kB{z wB[Zyh^fdwkr dk frnkB j[zdk j?, fJ; gqeko
f;Zfynk Bkb fJ; dk v[zxk ;zpzX j'Dk bkIwh j?. wB'ftfrnkB d/ y/so ftZu fttjko dh
ftnkfynk, wB'ftfrnkBeK B/ fGzB^fGzB YzrK Bkb ehsh j?. f;Zfynk^wB'ftfrnkB, wB'ftfrnkB
dh fJZe fttjkfoe Pkyk j?. f;ZfynkoEh d/ fttjko dk ftfGzB fdqPNhe'DK nB[;ko nfXnB

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