Page 128 - DEDU403_EDUCATIONAL_TECHNOLOGY_HINDI

bdkbZ—11% lw{e&f'k{k.k

osQ fy, ,d ojnku cudj vk;k gS] ftlosQ iQyLo:i vkt izf'k{k.k gsrq vk;s Nk=kkè;kidksa esa d{kk&vè;kiu uksV
osQ dkS'ky (Skill) osQ fodkl dh ckr izkjEHk gks x;h gSA lw{e&f'k{k.k ,d izdkj dh iz;ksx'kkyk fof/ gS ftlesa
Nk=kkè;kid f'k{k.k dkS'kyksa dk vH;kl fcuk fdlh dks gkfu igq¡pk;s djrs gSaA ;g fof/ iz;ksx'kkyk dh lHkh
'krks± dh iwfrZ djus esa l{ke gSA

11-1 lw{e&f'k{k.k dk bfrgkl (History of Micro Teaching)

lw{e&f'k{k.k izf'k{k.k osQ {ks=k esa ,d uohu fu;fU=kr vH;kl dh izfØ;k gSA bldk fodkl LVsuiQksMZ ;wfuoflZVh
esa fd;k x;kA lu~ 1961 esa ,phlu] cq'k rFkk ,yu us loZizFke fu;fU=kr :i esa ^laoqQfpr&vè;;u&vH;kl
Øe* izkjEHk fd;s] ftuosQ vUrxZr izR;sd Nk=kkè;kid 5 ls 10 Nk=kksa dks ,d NksVk&lk ikB i<+krk Fkk vkSj vU;
Nk=kkè;kid fofHkUu izdkj dh Hkwfedk fuokZg (Rule Play) djrs FksA ckn esa bu yksxksa us ohfM;ks Vsi fjdkWMZj
(Video Tap Recorder) dk iz;ksx Hkh Nk=kkè;kidksa osQ f'k{k.k O;ogkj esa okafNr ifjorZu ykus osQ fy, djuk
'kq: dj fn;k gSA gSjh xSjhlu us f'k{kd&lkeF;Z (Teaching Competence) osQ {ks=k esa dk;Z djrs gq,
^LVsuiQksMZ f'k{kd lkeF;Z vgZ.k nhfidk* dk fuekZ.k fd;kA lu~ 1967 esa DysuoS'k us lw{e&f'k{k.k osQ {ks=k
esa dbZ iz;ksx fd;sA bl izdkj ,yu (1964)] ,phlu (1964)] vkseZ (1966)] VdeSu] ,yu (1969)]
jSlfud o fdl (1970)] eSDyht rFkk vuou (1971) vkfn vusd 'kks/kfFkZ;ksa us bl {ks=k esa viuk
egÙoiw.kZ ;ksxnku fn;kA bu 'kks/&izi=kksa vkSj fooj.kksa us lkjs fo'o dks vkdf"kZr djuk izkjEHk fd;kA Hkkjro"kZ
esa loZizFke Mh- Mh- frokjh (1967) us ^lw{e&f'k{k.k* 'kCn dk iz;ksx f'k{k.k&izf'k{k.k osQ {ks=k esa fd;kA ;|fi
mudk ^lw{e&f'k{k.k* dk vFkZ vkt osQ lw{e f'k{k.k ls i`Fkd FkkA blosQ ckn 'kkg (1970)] pqnkLek (1971)]
¯lg] eoZQj rFkk iUxkS=kk (1973)] nks'kkt us lu~ 1974 esa bl {ks=k esa mYys[kuh; dk;Z fd;sA
Hkkjro"kZ esa lu~ 1974 esa lw{e&f'k{k.k osQ {ks=k esa loZizFke izdk'ku iklh rFkk 'kkg us fd;kA blesa izFke ckj
lw{e&f'k{k.k osQ fo"k; esa oSKkfud tkudkjh iznku dh x;hA blosQ i'pkr~ Hkêðkpk;Z (1974)] iklh] yfyrk o
tks'kh (1976)] ¯lg o xzsoky (1977)] xqIrk (1978) vkfn us bl {ks=k esa dk;Z fd;kA lu~ 1978 esa bUnkSj
fo'ofo|ky; esa loZizFke ^lw{e&f'k{k.k* ij ^jk"Vªh; izk;kstuk* (National Proposal for the Project) dk
fuekZ.k fd;k x;kA blosQ vUrxZr fofHkUu egkfo|ky;ksa rFkk fo'ofo|ky;ksa osQ f'k{kd izf'k{kdksa us feydj
lw{e&f'k{k.k ij dk;Z fd;kA ;g 'kks/ ;kstuk ^us'kuy dk¡fly vkWiQ ,tqosQ'kuy] fjlpZ ,.M Vªs¯ux* u;h
fnYyh osQ lg;ksx ls iw.kZ dh x;hA

uksV~l Hkkjr esa lw{e&f'k{k.k ij 'kks/ izeq[k :i ls fnYyh] bUnkSj] cM+kSnk] lgkjuiqj rFkk nsgjknwu esa fd;k tk
jgk gSA

nsgjknwu esa lu~ 1979 esa oqQyJs"B] feJk rFkk xksLokeh us lw{e&f'k{k.k osQ {ks=k esa dk;Z djrs gq, mUgksaus vusd
lq/kjksa osQ :i esa ^ifjlw{e&f'k{k.k* (Mini-teaching) ij izFke Hkkjrh; eksuksxzkiQ ^feuh Vh¯px % , U;w
,DliSjhesUV bu Vhpj ,tqosQ'ku*] ,u- lh- bZ- vkj- Vh- ubZ fnYyh osQ lg;ksx ls izdkf'kr fd;kA
vc rks Hkkjro"kZ esa lw{e&f'k{k.k rFkk ifjlw{e&f'k{k.k (Mimi-teaching) ij dkiQh dk;Z fd;k tk jgk gSA

11-2 lw{e&f'k{k.k dh ifjHkk"kk,¡ (Definitions of Micro Teaching)

lw{e&f'k{k.k] f'k{kd&izf'k{k.k dh ,d iz;ksx'kkyh; ,oa oS'ysf"kd fof/ gS] ftlosQ ekè;e ls Nk=kkè;kidksa
esa ^f'k{k.k&dkS'ky* fodflr fd;s tkrs gSaA ,yu (1968) us bldh ifjHkk"kk fuEu izdkj ls dh gS] ¶lw{e
f'k{k.k izf'k{k.k ls lEcfU/r ,d lEizR;; gS ftldk iz;ksx lsokjr ,oa lsokiwoZ (Inservice and Preservice)

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 121