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'kSf{kd rduhdh
uksV fdu&fdu igyqvksa ij T;knk è;ku nsuk pkfg,A bl izdkj Nk=kksa dks ekufld :i ls rS;kj djus osQ
i'pkr~ muosQ le{k izlkfjr fo"k;&oLrq dks d{kh; f'k{k.k osQ lkFk ,dhÑr djuk pkfg,A
(3) dksey rFkk dBksj f'kYi mikxeksa osQ iz;ksx osQ fy;s f'k{kd dks pkfg, fd og d{kk esa lh[kus dh
okafNr i;kZoj.k dk fuekZ.k djsA fo"k;&oLrq osQ izlkj.k osQ le; f'k{kd dks è;ku j[kuk pkfg;s fd
izlkfjr gksus okyk izdj.k lgh vkokt esa] lgh fip (Pitch) ij d{kk osQ gj Nk=k rd igq¡p jgk
gSA izlkj.k osQ eè; fn[kkbZ tkus okyh lkexzh Hkyh&Hkk¡fr d{kk osQ izR;sd Nk=k dks fn[kkbZ ns jgh gSA
blosQ fy;s mfpr izcU/ fd;s tkus vfr vko';d dk;Z gSaA f'k{kdksa dks bl ckr dk Hkh è;ku j[kuk
pkfg;s fd Nk=k izlkfjr gksus okys izdj.k esa #fp ys jgs gSa vFkok ughaA
(4) dksey f'kYi rFkk dBksj f'kYi mikxeksa osQ iwoZ f'k{kd dks Hkyh&Hkk¡fr iwoZ leh{kk djuh pkfg;s fd
d{kk dh fdl ifjfLFkfr esa dkSu&lk mikxe T;knk mikns; gksxkµmlh dk iz;ksx fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA
vuko';d :i ls] tcjnLrh] osQoy mikxeksa dks fn[kkus osQ fy, gh mikxeksa dk iz;ksx ugha djuk
pkfg;sA tc vko';drk gks] rHkh bu mikxeksa dk mi;ksx fd;k tkuk pkfg;sA
(5) tc Hkh f'k{kd bu mikxeksa dk iz;ksx djs mls pkfg;s fd vko';drkuqlkj le;≤ ij budh
mi;ksfxrk dk ewY;kadu Hkh djs vkSj rn~uqlkj vius Hkkoh f'k{k.k esa mls lq/kj ykus dk iz;kl djuk
pkfg;s rFkk f'k{k.k dh izHkko'khyrk c<+kus dh vksj viuh 'kfDr yxkuh pkfg;sA
Lo&ewY;kadu (Self Assessment)
2- fuEufyf[kr dFkuksa esa lR; vFkok vlR; dh igpku djsa
(State whether the following statements are True or False):
(i) iz.kkyh mikxe dks 'kSf{kd rduhdh r`rh; dgk tkrk gSA
(ii) 'kSf{kd rduhdh r`rh; dk fodkl izFke fo'o;q¼ osQ ckn gqvkA
(iii) 'kSf{kd rduhdh&III mikxe 'kSf{kd rduhdh izFke ,oa f}rh; dks tksM+us okyh ,d egÙoiw.kZ dM+h
gSA
(iv) iznk ls rkRi;Z ml O;ogkj ls gS ftls izkIr djus osQ fy, iz.kkyh dks fufeZr ugha fd;k tkrk gSA
(v) dksey rFkk dBksj f'kYi mikxeksa osQ iz;ksx osQ fy, f'k{kd dks pkfg, fd og d{kk esa lh[kus dh
okafNr i;kZoj.k dk fuekZ.k djsA
2-8 lkjka'k (Summary)
• dBksj f'kYi mikxe osQ vUrxZr f'k{k.k&lgk;d&lkexzh ij fo'ks"k tksj fn;k tkrk gSA ;g mikxe HkkSfrd
foKku rFkk bathfu;¯jx osQ fl¼kUrksa ,oa O;ogkjksa ij vk/kfjr gSA
• eSfjye fuDlu (1971) us Hkh f'k{k.k rduhdh dks vusd {ks=kksa ls lacaf/r ekuk gS vkSj dgk gS fd
bldk dk;Z O;fDr ,oa lekt dh 'kSf{kd vko';drkvksa dh lUrqf"V djuk gSA MsfoM (1971) osQ
vuqlkj ;g rduhdh] f'k{k.k vkSj izf'k{k.k osQ fy, vR;Ur vko';d gSA flYojeSu us blhfy, bls
f'k{kk esa rduhdh osQ uke ls iqdkjk gSA
• flYojesu (Silverman, 1968) us bls ‘Constructive Educational Technology’ dk u;k
uke iznku fd;k gSA
• vkuUn (1996) osQ 'kCnksa esa ¶lkWÝVos;j mikxe gkMZos;j mikxeksa ls bl izdkj ls fHkUurk j[krs gSa fd
'kSf{kd rduhdh osQ gkMZos;j mikxe esa f'k{k.k ;U=kksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS tcfd lkWÝVos;j mikxeksa
20 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
