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fJekJh^6L ftfdne seBhe dhnK f;ybkJh BhshnK, ftXhnK ns/ :'iBktK
1H n"gukfoe tkoskbkg^g{ot fBoXkfos ekoieow ns/ T[d/PK dh gqkgs bJh n"gukfoe B'N
tkoskbkg dk gq:'r ehsk iKdk j?. fJ; soQK d/ tkoskbkg d/ nkgD/ fBoXkfos fB:w ns/ f;XKs
j[zd/ jB (It is a formal discussion, controlled by the teacher through questions and
answers). fJj nfXnkge ns/ ftfdnkoEhnK d/ ftZu j[zdk j?.
2H nDn"gukfoe tkoskbkg^fJ; ftZu fBoXkfos fB:w ns/ f;XKsK dk gq:'r BjhA j[zdk j?. d{i/
PpdK ftZu nDn"gukfoe tkoskbkg ftZu Gkr b?D tkb/ fe;h th fB:w Bkb BjhA pzB/ j[zd/ jB (It
is informal, voluntary participation under guidance). fJj nfXnkge ns/ ftfdnkoEhnK
ns/ ftfdnkoEh^ftfdnkoEh d/ ftZu j' ;edk j?.
3H ;zouBkeos^
(i) „tio‟ tkoskbkgk^fJj S'N/ e[ZM ftP/P gqPBK s/ g{oh iwks d/ bJh fog'ofNzr d/ pknd
;w{jK d/ Bkb, xZN ;zofus, T[d/Pg{oD uouk j?.
(ii) ;koEe ;zouBkeos ;XkoD tkoskbkg^fJj T[d/Pg{oD ;zofus ;w{j uouk j? fi; B{z
g{oh iwks dh fog'ofNzr dk gkbD eoB d/ bJh ns/ ;XkoD uouk dk gkbD eoB d/
bJh ehsk iKdk j?.
(iii) f;ybkJh fpzd{nK s/ tkoskbkg^tkoskbkg d/ gfoGkfPs fpzd{nK ;fjs fJj fJZe ;w{j
uouk j?.
tkoskbkg Bhsh d/ wkfXnw d[nkok ftfdnkoEhnK d/ fttjko (T[jBK d/ ;zuko, nGhftoshnK,
w[ZbK, ;wkfie ftek; nkfd) ftZu io{oh gfotosB fbnkfJnk iKdk j?.
ftP/PsktK (Characteristics)
(1) fJ; ftZu rbs gj[zuK (Wrong Approaches) B{z nDT[s;kfjs ehsk iKdk j?.
(2) ftfdnkoEhnK ftZu nkswftPtk; ikfrqs j[zdk j?.
(3) ftfdnkoEhnK dh nGhftosh d/ ftek; ftZu ;jkJh j?.
(4) ftfdnkoEhnK B{z fXnkBg{oD ;[BD ns/ T[fus T[Zso d/D d/ bJh gq/fos eodh j?.
(5) nfXnkge ns/ ftfdnkoEh go;go B/V/ nkT[Ad/ jB ns/ fJZe^d{i/ B{z uzrh soQK ;wMd/
jB.
(6) fJj ftfdnkoEhnK B{z ;eoh pDkT[Adh j?.
(7) ftfdnkoEhnK dh f;oiBkswe ftP/PsktK B{z tXkT[Adh j?.
(8) fJj iBszsfoe Bhsh j?.
(9) fJ; ftZu ;wkfie^f;Zfynk d/ finkdk w"e/ gqkgs j[zd/ jB.
(10) fJ; d[nkok frnkBkswe ns/ GktBkswe gZyK d/ T[Zu T[d/PK B{z gqkgs ehsk ik ;edk
j?.
(11) fJ; d[nkok soePesh tZXdh j?, frnkB tZXdk j? ns/ nkgDh rZb efjD dk e"Pb
ftef;s j[zdk j?.
;hwktK (Limitations)
(1) ;ko/ ftfdnkoEh ;wkB o{g Bkb p'b BjhA gkT[Ad/.
(2) ftfdnkoEhnK ftZu edh^edh fJoPk ns/ ;goXk irk fdzdh j?.
(3) ftfdnkoEh edh^edh ftP/ s'A ekch d{o ub/ iKd/ jB.
(4) nDio{oh nkb'uBk iK pkb dh ykb eZYD tkb/ b'e fJ; d/ T[d/P B{z BPN eo ;ed/
jB.
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 63
